基于价值链分析的企业成本领先战略研究毕业论文
2021-10-13 20:15:55
摘 要
国际金融危机的冲击和国内经济形势的变化向我国企业的生存和发展提出了挑战,成本增加、盈利减少、效益降低等问题凸显。作为商品价值的重要组成部分,成本既是衡量企业盈亏的关键依据,又是评价企业生产经营管理水平的重要标准。但是目前我国企业普遍存在着成本管理观念落后、方法陈旧的弊端,单纯通过规模效益或转移成本到供应商及分销商等途径来降低成本,缺乏战略层次的全局考虑。而且,解决成本问题不只能依靠“节流”,更重要的是“开源”,即利用成本效益创造价值。
本文以价值链和成本领先战略为理论基础,联系二者来寻求企业运用价值链分析获取成本竞争优势的方法,并通过美国西南航空公司成功实施成本领先战略的案例具体介绍价值链分析方法,为企业实施成本领先战略带来些许借鉴。
本文的研究将价值链引入企业成本领先战略之中,建立两者的联系,使企业的成本控制上升到了企业战略高度。而且,以价值链分析为切入点,探讨企业如何占据和保持成本领先地位,完善了企业成本管理领域的相关理论,对我国企业成本管理实践具有一定的指导意义。
关键词:价值链分析;成本领先战略;成本动因;价值链重构
Abstract
The impact of the international financial crisis and the change of the domestic economy has posed challenges to the survival and development of China's enterprises, which highlight the issues such as costs increases, profits reduction and benefit decrease. As an important part of commodity value, cost is not only the key basis to measure the profit and loss,but also an important index to evaluate the level of enterprise production and management. But at present, there are widespread problems such as backward concepts and obsolete methods of cost management in our country’s enterprises which simply reduce costs through economies of scale or transfer costs to suppliers and distributors,lacking overall considerations in the strategic level. And “regulating the flow” is more important than “opening up the source ”to solve the cost problem,namely the application of cost-benefit to create value.
Based on the theory of value chain analysis and cost leadership strategy,contacting them to seek methods to obtain the cost competitive advantage by using value chain analysis,and through the case of American Southwest Airline successful implementation of cost leadership strategy,the paper introduces the value chain analysis methods in detail,which brings some reference for enterprises to implement cost leadership strategy.
The research of this paper introduces the value chain into the enterprise cost leadership strategy and establishes the link between them, so that the cost control of enterprise has risen to the height of the enterprise strategy. Moreover, taking the value chain analysis as the breakthrough point,the paper discusses how companies occupy the leading position and holding costs,perfect the relevant theories of enterprise cost management, and have certain guiding significance to the practice of enterprise cost management in our country.
Key Words: Cost leadership strategy;Value chain analysis;Cost driver;Value chain reconstruction
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究的目的与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 研究内容及方法 3
第2章 价值链与成本领先战略 4
2.1 价值链与价值链分析 4
2.2 成本领先战略的优势 5
2.3 价值链分析与成本领先战略的关联 6
第3章 运用价值链分析获取成本竞争优势 7
3.1 成本竞争优势来源 7
3.2 价值活动成本动因分析 7
3.3 价值链重构获取成本竞争优势 9
第4章 基于价值链分析的成本领先战略在企业中的实践 11
4.1 美国西南航空公司发展历史和经营概况 11
4.2 美国西南航空公司的价值链分析 11
4.3 美国西南航空公司实施成本领先战略的成功经验 12
结束语 13
参考文献 14
致谢 15
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的与意义
国际金融危机的冲击和国内经济形势的变化向我国企业的生存和发展提出了挑战,成本增加、盈利减少、效益降低等问题凸显。作为商品价值的重要组成部分,成本既是衡量企业盈亏的关键依据,又是衡量企业经营管理水平的重要标准。然而,目前来看,我国企业还普遍存在成本管理观念落后、方法陈旧的弊端,单纯通过规模效益或转移成本到供应商及分销商等途径来降低成本,缺乏战略层次的全局考虑。而且,解决成本问题不只能依靠“节流”,更重要的是“开源”,即利用成本效益原则创造价值。
企业的生产经营本质上来讲是一系列价值创造活动,如何用最低的成本实现价值最大化至关重要。面对日趋激烈的市场竞争环境,我国企业必须加强成本管控,发挥成本优势,抢占市场份额,在战略层面上就是实施成本领先战略。