汽车制造企业财务动态预警仿真研究——基于价值链视角毕业论文
2021-03-27 17:57:09
摘 要
“十三五”规划与《中国制造2025》明确提出支持汽车制造企业创新发展。虽然近年来我国汽车制造企业在市场占有率上取得了重大突破,但不少企业尤其是经济型小型汽车制造企业由于现金流问题依然面临着财务风险甚至是严重的财务危机。相关预警机制的建立研究迫在眉睫。传统的财务预警方法体系以多元相关性回归分析为核心,未能在较大程度上反映企业财务系统活动的结构与行为。且鲜有研究微观联系企业存续环境的演化来考虑财务风险的变化。
汽车制造价值链是最复杂的多主体企业价值链之一。价值链上的利益相关者之间关联密切且通常存在价值博弈的矛盾作用。本文以囊括“上游供应商——中游核心制造企业——下游客户”的汽车制造价值链为着眼点,在国内外相关文献研究的基础上,运用价值链理论与演化博弈理论,通过价值链结构构成、财务风险动因形成与路径传导分析汽车制造企业财务风险的形成机理;运用财务预警理论与自由现金流量理论,在剖析价值链变化对财务风险影响的基础上,建构基于自由现金流量预警指标的企业财务风险测度模型,并讨论指标权重的确定与警度的判定;运用系统动力学构建汽车制造企业财务预警模型;最后通过计算机软件模拟仿真来对样本企业进行实证研究。
研究结果表明,可以通过调节价值链的结构(即系统的因果反馈关联)来改变企业的财务预警状态,具体通过企业调整与利益相关者的博弈策略以改变价值链的关键变量来实现,即企业通过相关财务政策与经营战略的调整,使得影响自由现金流量的重要财务与非财务变量得到改变,财务预警指标得到改变,企业的财务风险预警结果将会变化。经过分析,对于目标企业而言,相关策略的改变以使得营业收入的提高对于财务风险的降低至关重要。本文的贡献之处在于基于价值链的视角来分析企业财务风险的形成机理,从价值创造的角度为企业财务预警提供了新思路。
关键词:价值链;汽车制造企业;财务预警;系统动力学
Abstract
The Thirteenth Five-Year Plan and Made in China, 2025 clearly put forward to support the development of automobile manufacturing enterprises innovation. Although in recent years, China's automobile manufacturing enterprises in the sales performance has made a major breakthrough, but many car manufacturers, especially economic small car manufacturers because of cash flow problems still face financial risk or even a serious financial crisis. The research of the related early warning mechanism is imminent. The traditional financial early warning method system is constructed with multiple correlation regression analysis as the core, but it can not to a large extent reflect the structure and behavior of corporate financial system activities. And there is little research on the evolution of the virtual environment in which the micro-contact is closely related to the enterprise to account for changes in financial risk.
The automobile manufacturing value chain is one of the most complex multi-agent enterprise value chains. The impact of the value of the enterprise, the value of the creation of the main body of the relationship between the close, and often there is a contradictory relationship. In this paper, the "upstream suppliers - middle reaches of the core manufacturing enterprises - downstream customers" car manufacturing value chain as the focus, on the basis of relevant literature research at home and abroad, use Value Chain Theory to analyze the evolution mechanism of financial risk of automobile manufacturing enterprise by value chain structure, financial risk forming motivation and spreading path analysis. On the basis of the theory of financial early warning and the theory of free cash flow, this paper constructs the financial risk measurement model based on the free cash flow warning index based on the analysis of the influence of value chain evolution on the financial risk of the enterprise, and discuss the weight of the index, the warning threshold and the key indicators. Based on the theory of System Dynamics, this paper constructs the financial pre-attack sub-model and the total model of automobile manufacturing enterprises and finally through the simulation of computer software to carry out empirical research.
The results show that the financial crisis can be changed by adjusting the structure of the value chain. The key financial and non-financial variables that affect the free cash flow are changed, the financial early warning indicators are changed, and the financial risk early warning of the enterprise is changed by the change of the relevant financial policy and business strategy. The financial risk warning results will change. After analysis, it was found that for the target enterprise, the change in the relevant strategy to make the increase in operating income for the reduction of financial risk is essential.The innovation and contribution of this paper lies in the analysis of the financial risk of the enterprise based on the perspective of the value chain evolution, and provides a new way for the enterprise financial early warning from the perspective of value creation.
Key words:Value chain;Automobile manufacturing industry;Financial early-warning;System dynamics
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的与意义 2
1.2.1 研究目的 2
1.2.2 研究意义 3
1.3 国内外研究现状 4
1.3.1企业价值链研究 4
1.3.2财务风险成因与识别研究 5
1.3.3财务预警方法研究 5
1.3.4财务预警指标研究 6
1.3.5国内外研究现状述评 7
1.4 研究内容与方法 8
1.4.1研究内容 8
1.4.2研究方法 9
第2章 基于价值链的汽车制造企业财务风险形成机理 11
2.1汽车制造企业的价值链结构分析 11
2.1.1 基于利益相关者的汽车制造企业价值网络 12
2.1.2 基于资金运动的汽车制造企业价值流 15
2.2 基于价值网络演化的汽车制造企业财务风险形成动因 16
2.2.1 基于内部价值网络演化的财务风险形成内因 17
2.2.2 基于外部价值网络演化的财务风险形成外因 18
2.3 基于价值流动的汽车制造企业财务风险传导路径 19
2.3.1 基于筹资价值流动的财务风险传导路径 20
2.3.2 基于投资价值流动的财务风险传导路径 21
2.3.3 基于经营价值流动的财务风险传导路径 22
2.3.4 基于利润分配价值流动的财务风险传导路径 24
第3章 汽车制造企业财务动态预警测度模型 25
3.1 基于自由现金流量的财务动态预警指数 25
3.1.1 指数体系的构建思路 25
3.1.2 盈利能力风险指数 27
3.1.3 债务风险指数 29
3.1.4 经营增长风险指数 30
3.1.5 资产质量风险指数 30
3.2 基于因子分析的指标权重确定 31
3.2.1 因子分析的基本原理 31
3.2.2 因子分析的计算步骤 32
3.3 基于功效系数法的警度判定 32
3.3.1 功效系数法的基本原理 33
3.3.2 功效系数法的计算步骤 33
第4章 汽车制造企业财务动态预警仿真模型 35
4.1汽车制造企业财务预警系统的结构分析 35
4.2 汽车制造企业财务动态预警仿真子模型 37
4.2.1 筹资活动预警子模型 37
4.2.2 投资活动预警子模型 39
4.2.3 经营活动预警子模型 40
4.2.4 利润分配活动预警子模型 43
4.3 汽车制造企业财务动态预警仿真总模型 44
4.3.1 自由现金流量预警仿真模型 44
4.3.2 财务预警指数仿真模型 45
4.4 企业财务动态预警控制仿真模型原理 49
4.4.1 内部价值链控制博弈 49
4.4.2 外部价值链控制博弈 50
第5章 实证分析 54
5.1 样本选取与数据来源 54
5.1.1 企业基本概况 54
5.1.2 数据来源 54
5.2 模型基本假设与参数估计 55
5.2.1 模型的基本假设 55
5.2.2 模型的参数估计 55
5.3 企业财务动态预警指数测度 57
5.4 汽车制造企业财务预警仿真 61
5.4.1 模型的有效性检验 62