摘 要

由于我国人口老龄化程度逐渐加深及家庭结构的转变，家庭和社会的养老压力逐渐增加。智能居家养老将物联网技术与养老服务管理相结合，以优质高效的优势成为人们推崇的一种养老方式。而目前我国的智能居家养老领域的发展尚处于探索阶段，更多专注于科技型养老产品的设计与开发，尚未形成和推广较为完善的以老年人为中心的智能居家养老服务模式。因此本文将从老年人的需求出发，将物联网技术与设备运用于养老场景中，提出互联化、人性化、智能化的居家养老服务模式设计。

首先，对智能居家养老的相关理论进行多层次的研究与分析。然后分析物联网在智能居家养老中的意义，阐述无线通信技术、传感器，微控制器等技术与设备在智能家居系统中的应用。并对国内外现有的智慧养老模式进行对比，分析不同的模式特色与优势，为智能居家养老服务模式的设计提取经验与借鉴。

其次，通过用户访谈的方式了解老年人对养老生活及智能养老服务的需求，并对老年人的生理及心理特征进行充分的研究与阐述。然后基于马斯洛需求层次理论构建养老服务需求模型，从而提出具有适老性的养老服务设计。

最后，在家庭和社区两个场景下构建基于物联网的智能居家养老服务模式，将无线通信技术、传感器、云服务等技术和设备应用于不同的场景中，监测老年人的身体状态、活动状态及家庭环境，将老年人、家庭、社区与社会养老资源相连接，构建以老年人为中心的养老服务网络，为老年人提供智能高效、安全舒适、和谐温暖的养老环境。

基于物联网的的智能居家养老模式符合老年人的安全感、归属感的需要。以智能化的方式为老年人提供家庭管理、医疗健康、安全监测等服务，能够实现老年人的多方面照护，加强老年人与家人、社会的连接，让老年人温情、舒心的晚年生活。同时基于物联网的智能居家养老服务模式能够使家庭和社区的养老资源得到充分的利用，节约人力及物力资源，与社会现实和我国国情相贴合，为解决养老问题及提高老年人的生活质量提供新的思路与参考模型。

关键词：物联网；智能居家养老模式；养老需求；养老服务设计

Abstract

Due to the gradual deepening of China's population and the transformation of family structure, the pressure of family and society's old-age support is gradually increasing. Smart home care combines the Internet of Things technology with the care services, and it has become a kind of old-age care method that people admire with the advantages of high quality and high efficiency. At present, the development of China's smart home care field is still in the exploration stage. It is more focused on the design and development of technology-based old-age care products. It has not yet formed and promoted a more complete smart home care service model centered on the elderly. Therefore, this article will proceed from the needs of the elderly, apply the Internet of Things technology and equipment to the elderly care scene, and design a interconnected, humanized, and intelligent home care service model.

First, conduct multilayered research and analysis on the relevant theories of smart home care. Then it analyzes the significance of the Internet of Things in smart home care, and elaborate the application of wireless communication technology, sensors, microcontrollers and other technologies and equipment in smart home systems. It also compares the existing smart home care models at home and abroad, analyzes the characteristics and advantages of different models, and extracts experience and reference for the design of the smart home care service model.

Secondly, through the way of user interviews to obtain the needs of old-age life and the demand for smart home care services, and fully study and elaborate on the physical and psychological characteristics of the elderly. Then, based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, a demand model for old-age service is constructed. And propose the design of elderly care service with adaptability.

Finally, build an smart home care service model based on the Internet of Things in two scenarios: family and community. And apply technologies and devices such as wireless communication technology, sensors, and cloud services to different scenarios to monitor the physical and activity status of the elderly And the family environment, connecting the elderly, families, communities and social pension resources, building an elderly-centered care service network, and providing the elderly with a smart, efficient, safe, comfortable, harmonious and warm elderly care environment.

The smart home care service model based on the Internet of Things meets the needs of the elderly with a sense of security and belonging. Providing management, medical health, safety monitoring and other services for the elderly in an intelligent way, which can realize the care of the elderly in many aspects, strengthen the connection between the elderly and their families and society, so that the elderly can feel warm and comfortable in their life. At the same time, the smart home care service model based on the Internet of Things can fully utilize the old-age resources of families and communities, save manpower and material resources, and be in line with social reality and China's national conditions. Provide new ideas and reference models for solving the problem of old-age care and improving the quality of life of the elderly..

Keywords：Internet of Things; smart home care model; care needs; care design

目录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.1.1 我国老年人现状 1

1.1.2 养老模式发展方向 1

1.1.3 智能居家养老模式为养老提供新思路 2

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 国外研究现状 2

1.2.2 国内研究现状 3

1.2.3 国内外研究现状对比分析 3

1.3 研究目的与意义 4

1.3.1 研究目的 4

1.3.2 研究意义 4

1.4 研究思路与方法 6

1.4.1 研究思路 6

1.4.2 研究方法 6

第2章 智能居家养老相关理论与概念 8

2.1 智能居家养老概述 8

2.1.1 智能居家养老的概念 8

2.1.2 智能居家养老服务系统的组成架构 8

2.2 物联网对智能居家养老的意义 9

2.3 国内外智慧养老模式对比分析 10

2.3.1 芬兰的老年人远程监测模式 10

2.3.2 珠海的e-Link居家养老模式 11

2.3.3 法国的Sweet-Home智慧居家养老模式 12

2.3.4 国内外智能居家养老模式的对比分析 13

第3章 老年人养护和情感需求现状分析 14

3.1 老年人的养老需求调研 14

3.1.1 调研目的及内容 14

3.1.2 调研结果分析 14

3.2 老年人的基本特点分析 15

3.2.1 老年人的生理特点 15

3.2.2 老年人的情感需求 16

3.3 老年人的养老服务需求模型 16

3.4 智能居家养老适老性设计阐述 17

第4章 基于物联网的智能居家养老服务设计概述 19

4.1 技术路线 19

4.2 智能居家养老服务体系整体架构分析 19

4.2.1 智能居家养老的主要场景 19

4.2.2 智能居家养老服务模式的整体架构 20

4.3 设计原则阐述 21

第5章 基于物联网的智能家庭养老服务模式设计 22

5.1 基于物联网的智能家庭养老服务设计框架 22

5.2 智能家庭管理服务设计 23

5.2.1 智能家电的远程控制 23

5.2.2 智能家电的语音控制 23

5.2.3 家庭灯光控制 24

5.2.2 能耗管理服务 25

5.3 医疗健康服务设计 26

5.3.1 医疗云平台 26

5.3.2 医疗健康监测 27

5.3.3 远程医疗服务 28

5.3.4 跌倒监测 28

5.4 安全监测服务设计 29

5.4.1 家庭安防设计 29

5.4.2 紧急救助 30

5.5 亲情关怀服务设计 31

第6章 基于物联网的智能社区养老模式设计 32

6.1 智能社区养老模式架构 32