论文总字数：18216字

摘 要

本文采用循环伏安沉积法制备二氧化钌（RuO₂）电极。进一步采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）对该电极进行了表面形貌表征和组分分析，采用电化学测试平台进行电极电化学性能表征。结果表明，实验所用二氧化钌电极具有良好的电化学性能。进一步将二氧化钌电极组装成RuO₂// RuO₂对称超级电容器（电解液H₂SO₄, 0.5 M）。利用Piecewise CV法建立了超级电容器中电极的比容量-电势关系。组装了5组不同电极质量比的RuO₂// RuO₂超级电容器用以研究电极质量比对电势窗口的影响，并根据电极比容量-电势关系求出了RuO₂// RuO₂超级电容器的最佳质量比。并且进一步探讨了电极质量比对于RuO₂// RuO₂超级电容器的能量密度的影响。实验结果显示对于质量比为（非常接近于）的超级电容器，其能量密度可达到4.81 Wh/kg的水平，该数值是质量比为的超级电容器能量密度（）的304％。结果表明电极质量比（）对于RuO₂// RuO₂超级电容器的能量密度有着显著的影响。实验结果表明通过调整RuO₂// RuO₂超级电容器的电极质量比来提高RuO₂//RuO₂超级电容器能量密度是使RuO₂//RuO₂对称超级电容器能量密度最大化的有效解决方案。

关键词：超级电容器 二氧化钌 循环伏安法 电极质量比 能量密度

The Method to Maximize the Energy Density of RuO₂//RuO₂ Supercapacitors

Abstract

Ruthenium dioxide electrode was prepared by electrochemical-plating approach. Furthermore, the surface morphology and composition of the electrode were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and the electrochemical performance of the electrode was characterized by electrochemical test platform. The results show that the ruthenium dioxide electrode has good electrochemical performance. The RuO₂//RuO₂ symmetrical supercapacitor (electrolyte H2SO4, 0.5M) was assembled from the RuO₂ electrode. The relationship of specific capacity-potential for the electrodes in the supercapacitors is established by piecewise CV. Five groups of RuO₂// RuO₂ supercapacitors with different electrode mass ratios were assembled to study the effect of the electrode mass ratio on the potential window. Based on the relationship of specific capacity-potential,we obtained the optimal mass ratio of RuO₂// RuO₂ supercapacitor () . And the influence of electrode mass ratio on the energy density of RuO₂// RuO₂ supercapacitor is discussed. The experimental results show that the energy density of the supercapacitor with mass ratio of (very close to ) can reach the level of 4.81 WH / kg, this value is 304% of the energy density of the super capacitor with the mass ratio of . It is proved that the electrode mass ratio has a significant effect on the energy density of RuO₂// RuO₂ supercapacitor. The results show that improving the energy density of RuO₂// RuO₂ supercapacitor by adjusting the electrode mass ratio of RuO₂// RuO₂ supercapacitor is an effective solution to maximize the energy density of RuO₂// RuO₂ symmetrical supercapacitor.

Key words: Supercapacitor; RuO₂; CV; Electrode mass ratio; Energy density

目 录

摘要 Ⅱ

ABSTRACT Ⅲ

第一章 绪论 5

1.1 超级电容器的储能机制 5

1.2 超级电容器电极材料 7

1.2.1 双电层材料 7

1.2.2 赝电容材料 8

1.3 超级电容器的能量存储 8

1.4 论文选题的依据 9

第二章 RuO₂// RuO₂赝电容器比容量-电势关系的建立 10

2.1 试剂和材料 10

2.2 电极的制备 10

2.2.1 电化学沉积法制备氧化钌电极 10

2.2.2 表征 11

2.3 RuO₂电极的电化学性能测试 12

2.4 Piecewise CV法 13

2.5 RuO₂// RuO₂赝电容器比电容-电势关系的建立 14

第三章 能量密度最大化的解决方法 20

3.1 在电荷平衡条件下电极上活性物质的质量比对电势窗口的影响 20

3.2 RuO₂//RuO₂超级电容器电极质量比对于电极的电压窗口的影响 20

3.3 电极质量比对RuO₂//RuO₂超级电容器能量密度的影响 24

第四章 总结 26

参考文献 27

致谢 29

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