论文总字数：24487字

摘 要

我国刑法中的刑罚制度体现着公平正义，而其中的自首制度作为宽大处理的代表，自1979年正式制定刑法之时起，就被作为刑法总则部分的重要内容载入刑法典。在建国、改革开放、经济社会、法治制度七十年发展中，我国刑法先后经历几十次法律解释的公布及相继九次《刑法修正案》的修订，自首制度和体系日臻完善。而唐代作为中国历史上自首制度发展最为巅峰的黄金时期，其自首制度的变化发展对后世也有着巨大的影响，近代自首制度的雏形也大多来源与唐律。本文通过对比研究唐代自首制度和近代法律上的不同不仅能反应唐代与近代在立法技术、社会风气、政治局势等的不同，也能对近代自首制度的完善和发展提出宝贵的意见和建议。

首先，本文对自首制度相关的法律条文、案例进行初步的收集整理，删选其中重复和因年代久远词义不全的内容，在大量数据的基础上，以分词、词频统计展示词云图的方法分析自首制度的发布单位、认定条件、重点犯罪类型，并运用收集的案例数据进行印证，对比唐代与近代自首制度的概况，并提出近代自首制度的改进意见。

其次，通过文本分析，我们得出以下结论：（1）国家领导人的更替，国家领导者关注点的变化都密切影响着自首制度的走向；（2）不论唐代还是近代都对经济类犯罪格外关注，这说明经济基础是法律发展的基石，这启示我们要大力发展经济才能确保法律制度的强健性：（3）在自首制度中被反复提及的贪污渎职类犯罪，在社会风气影响上，性质极其恶劣，人民意见极大，这启示我们法律的制定需要继续以人民的实际需求，社会的实际情况为主，以人民的利益为中心。

最后，希望通过本文能够丰富对自首制度的研究，为后续研究以及其他历史、人文现象的研究提供一个新的视角。

关键词：唐代；近代；自首制度；分词；词云图

A comparative study about system of surrender and reduction

in Tang Dynasty and Modern Chinese Law based on data Analysis

Abstract

Surrender system is an important penalty system in the criminal law of our country, and it is the concrete embodiment of the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity. Since the formal formulation of the criminal law in 1979, the voluntary surrender system has been included in the criminal code as an important part of the general provisions of the criminal law. In the 70 years of the rapid development of the founding of the people's Republic of China,the criminal law of our country has experienced dozens of legal interpretations and nine amendments to the Criminal Law Amendment one after another, and the voluntary surrender system and system have become more and more perfect. Tang Dynasty, as the golden period of the development of surrender system in Chinese history, the change and development of voluntary surrender system also had a great influence on later generations. The embryonic form of voluntary surrender system is also mostly from the Tang law. Through a comparative study of the differences between the surrender system of Tang Dynasty and modern law, this paper can not only reflect the differences in legislative technology, social atmosphere and political situation between Tang Dynasty and modern times. It can also put forward valuable opinions and suggestions on the improvement and development of the modern voluntary surrender system.

First of all, this paper carries on the preliminary collection and collation to the voluntary surrender system related legal provisions, the case carries on the preliminary collection and collation, removes the content which repeats and because of the old word meaning incomplete, on the basis of a large amount of data, takes the word segmentation. The method of word frequency statistical display word cloud map

analyzes the publishing unit of voluntary surrender system, identifies the conditions and key crime types, and uses the collected case data to verify, and compares the general situation of voluntary surrender system between Tang Dynasty and modern times. And put forward the improvement of the modern voluntary surrender system.

Secondly, through the text analysis, we draw the following conclusions: (1) the change of national leaders and the change of national leaders' attention closely affect the trend of voluntary surrender system; (2) both the Tang Dynasty and the modern times paid special attention to economic crimes, which shows that the economic base is the cornerstone of the development of law. This enlightens us that we must vigorously develop the economy in order to ensure the strength of the legal system: (3) the crime of corruption and malfeasance, which has been repeatedly mentioned in the voluntary surrender system, is extremely bad in nature and has great opinions of the people. This enlightens us that the formulation of laws needs to continue to be based on the actual needs of the people and the actual situation of society. The interests of the people are centered.

Finally, I hope that this paper can enrich the study of voluntary surrender system, and provide a new perspective for the follow-up study and other historical and humanistic phenomena.voluntary surrender system

Keywords:Tang Dynasty,modern times,split phrase,Word cloud picture,

Voluntary surrender system

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究对象 1

1.2 研究目的及意义 2

1.3 选题背景 2

1.3.1 自首制度不断完善的原因 2

1.3.2 自首制度的发展现状 3

第二章 文献综述及关键技术 5

2.1 文献综述 5

2.1.1 我国近代法律制度中自首制度研究现状 5

2.1.2 唐代自首制度的研究现状 5

2.1.3 文本挖掘研究现状 6

2.2 关键技术 7

2.2.1 分词 7

2.2.2 词频统计 8

2.2.3 词云图 8

2.3 本章小结 8

第三章 数据收集及处理 10

3.1 数据收集 10

3.1.1 查阅文献资料 10

3.1.2 使用搜索引擎 12

3.2 数据处理 13

3.3 本章小结 14

第四章 关于自首减等制度的数据分析 16

4.1 唐代自首减等制度相关分析 16

4.1.1 唐代自首制度发布单位 16

4.1.2 唐代不同身份自首区别 16

4.1.3 唐代自首制度认定条件 18

4.1.4 唐代自首制度相关犯罪类型 19

4.2 近代自首制度相关分析 21

4.2.1 自首制度相关法条标题 21

4.2.2 自首制度法条发布单位 22

4.2.3 自首制度的认定条件 24

4.2.4 自首制度的量刑规定 25

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