会计舞弊与会计报表美化实证研究----以xx行业上市公司为例毕业论文
2021-11-07 21:11:39
摘 要
随着上市公司的发展,会计舞弊已成为一个全球性的问题,从2001年美国安然事件到2020年瑞幸咖啡事件,震惊社会的舞弊事件频发,成为资本市场中备受关注的热点和难点。一方面,会计舞弊扭曲了公司真实价值,损害广大投资者的利益,阻碍了整个资本市场的发展;另一方面,管理者都有对会计报表进行修饰的倾向,从而向市场传达出积极的信号来吸引更多的投资和发展机会,因此会对报表不同程度的进行美化。在法律法规和会计准则的约束之下,管理者自由选择使企业价值和利益最大化的会计政策,这是实施报表美化的理想路径,但在实际中,由于企业实际发展状况出现危机,现有的经营模式无法带来预期的盈利,管理者在短期内无法改变企业现状,也不愿损害自身利益,使得理想路径最终演变为危害巨大的 “捷径”——打着会计报表美化的幌子实施会计舞弊。
本文在界定会计舞弊和会计报表美化这两个在实践中容易混淆的两个概念的基础上,选取近三年证监会披露的上市公司会计舞弊案例和ST公司摘帽案例,通过实施手段的不同,对二者进行区分。然后借鉴David Hillier和Allan Hodgson、Shanshan Yang 和 Sherrill Shaffer研究的会计报表美化识别模型,利用我国国有上市银行近三年的季度资本充足率数据,进行实证分析,研究发现这些银行都存在以资产重新分类方式进行的报表美化。研究结果一方面可以帮助投资者认识会计报表美化的普遍性,理性区别会计报表美化与会计舞弊,另一方面,可以帮助投资者识别企业的真实价值,然后根据自己的判断做出合理投资。
关键词:会计舞弊;会计报表美化;商业银行
Abstract
With the development of listed companies, accounting fraud has become a global problem. From Enron to Luckin coffee, fraud incidents that shocked the society have occurred frequently, becoming a hot and difficult point in the capital market. . On the one hand, accounting fraud distorts the true value of the company, harms the interests of investors, and hinders the development of the entire capital market; on the other hand, managers all have a tendency to modify the accounting statements, thereby sending a positive signal to the market to attract more investment and development opportunities. Under the constraints of laws, regulations and accounting standards, managers are free to choose accounting policies that maximize the value and benefits of the enterprise, this is an ideal way to implement window dressing. But in practice, manager cannot change the status quo of the enterprise in the short term, and he is unwilling to damage his own interests due to the decline of the enterprise, so that the ideal path eventually turns into a "shortcut" , implementing accounting fraud under the guise of window dressing accounting statements.
After defining accounting fraud and window dressing, this paper selects the accounting fraud cases of listed companies disclosed by the China Securities Regulatory Commission in the past three years and the case of ST company's hat removal distinguishes, distinguishing the two through different implementation methods. Then I use window dressing identification model studied by David Hillier and Allan Hodgson, Shanshan Yang and Sherrill Shaffer to conduct empirical analysis, finding that these banks all have beautification of reports in the form of asset reclassification The results can help investors understand the universality of window dressing and rationally distinguish window dressing from accounting fraud. On the other hand, they can help investors identify the true value of enterprises and then make reasonable investments based on their own judgment.
Key Words:accounting fraud;window dressing;commercial banks;
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究目的及意义 1
1.1.1研究背景 1
1.1.2研究目的 1
1.1.3研究意义 2
1.2 国内外研究现状 2
1.2.1 国外研究现状 2
1.2.2国内研究现状 4
1.3研究内容和方法 5
1.3.1研究内容 5
1.3.2研究方法 6
第2章 相关概念 7
2.1盈余管理 7
2.2会计舞弊 7
2.2.1会计舞弊手段 8
2.3会计报表美化 10
2.3.1会计报表美化概念 10
2.3.1会计报表美化手段 10
2.4区分会计舞弊和会计报表美化 13
第3章 会计报表美化识别模型介绍 13
3.1David Hillier和Allan Hodgson研究 13
3.1.1数据汇总 14
3.1.2统计模型 14
3.1.3会计报表美化识别 16
3.2Shanshan Yang 和 Sherrill Shaffer研究 17
3.2.1 数据汇总 18
3.2.2会计报表美化识别 20
第4章 以银行业上市公司为例实证分析 20
4.1样本选择 20
4.2描述性统计 24
4.3实证分析 24
4.4实证小结及建议 27
第5章 总结与展望 27
5.1研究总结 27
5.2研究展望 28
参考文献 29
致 谢 30