海浪环境下水下自航器状态估计器的研究毕业论文
2021-11-09 21:38:48
摘 要
全球的社会性经济不断地进步,人口也同时伴着高速率增长达到七十六亿,众多的人口压力导致地球的各种资源消耗紧张,许多的地面上的不可再生的资源越来越少,接近枯竭,使得人们把目光转向海洋里的资源开采和利用。各个领域的科学家探究发明不同的技术进行海底资源的开采和利用,大环境的利好促使着各种技术的不断快速进步。但是由于各种综合因素的限制和影响,长期在水下工作的机器人从水下转到水面以上时,加持其各种设定参数的不成熟和机器自身的系统功能薄弱,其测算准确度会受到影响,测度值的大小决定了水下机器人运行效果的好坏。据水下自航器控制系统的需求,有必要设计一种优良的状态估计器以估算水下自航器高频、低频运动状态,为实现水下自航器定深航行自动控制系统的设计奠定基础。
本文针对欠驱动水下自航器在近水面运行过程中的特点及环境对自航器的影响建立欠驱动水下自航器在近水面环境下的三自由度高低频运动叠加模型。通过某型AUV近水面轨道的实测数据验证了该数学模型的准确性。以unscented Kalman理论为基础,设计了状态观测器来估计AUV的高频和低频运动状态。最后,对水下航行器近水面运动进行了仿真模拟实验,且得出了相关结论。
研究结果表明:与线性滤波器相比,非线性滤波器在输出精度上有较大提升,计算时间也能满足其系统要求。另外,还证明了在水下航行器运动控制系统中非线性滤波器的应用效果很好。
本文的特色:通过基于无迹卡尔曼滤波理论设计的状态观测器,估算了出水下自航器在海浪、海风及各种不确定因素的干扰之下进行高速运转的工作状态,进一步论证了在非持续性的第频段过滤器的作用下和合理有效的高频过滤器之间的差异性和优劣性。
关键词:欠驱动水下自航器;状态观测器;运动仿真
Abstract
Global social economy is constantly progress, also with high population growth rate reached seven billion six hundred million, the population of many pressure lead to the earth's resources consumption tension, many on the ground of non-renewable resources less and less, nearly dried up, that makes people turn to resources exploitation and utilization of the ocean. Each scientists explore the invention in the field of different technology of Marine resource exploitation and utilization, environment of good keeps the various technical progress quickly. Underwater self-propelled vehicles have been continuously applied to this field as an advanced underwater detector, which has received rapid development and high attention. However, when the underwater robot performs tasks near the water surface, the interference of the ocean waves will affect the control accuracy of the dynamic control of the underwater robot, and the level of precision of the dynamic control determines the performance of the underwater robot. But because of the limitations and all kinds of comprehensive factors, long-term work underwater robot from below to above the water, the blessing of its various setting parameters of immature and machine's own system function is weak, the measuring accuracy will be affected, the size of the measure value determines the underwater robot running effect is good or bad. Lay the foundation.
In this paper, a three-degree-of-freedom high- and low-frequency motion superposition model of the under-driving underwater self-propelled vehicle in the near-water environment is established based on the characteristics of the under-driving underwater self-propelled vehicle in the near-water surface operation and the influence of the environment on the self-propelled vehicle. The accuracy of the mathematical model is verified by the measured data of a certain AUV near-water surface orbit. Based on unscented Kalman theory, a state observer is designed to estimate the high-frequency and low-frequency motion states of AUV. Finally, a simulation experiment was carried out on the near-surface motion of the underwater vehicle, and related conclusions were drawn.
The research results show that: compared with linear filters, nonlinear filters have a greater improvement in output accuracy, and the calculation time can also meet their system requirements. In addition, it is proved that the application of the nonlinear filter in the underwater vehicle motion control system is very good.
In this paper, a state observer based on the theory of fragrance-free kalman filter is used for estimation the high and low frequency motion states of the underwater self-propelled vehicle under the interference of sea waves, and the effectiveness of the nonlinear filter and the performance of the filter are verified. Superiority.
Keywords: under-driven AUV; state estimator; motion simulatio
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪 论 1
1.1 课题背景和研究的目的及意义 1
1.1.1 水下自航器概述 1
1.1.2 课题研究的目的及意义 1
1.2 水下自航器国内外研究现状及发展动态 2
1.2.1 国内外研究现状 3
1.2.2 自主水下航行器运动控制研究现状 5
1.3 AUV状态观测器研究现状 6
1.4 本文主要研究内容和技术方案 7
第2章 欠驱动水下自航器运动数学模型 9
2.1 运动学方程 9
2.1.1 坐标系及参数定义 9
2.1.2 运动学方程 10
2.2 动力学方程 11
2.3 垂直面运动模型 14
2.4 本章小结 15
第3章 基于无迹卡尔曼理论的状态观测器设计 16
3.1 系统模型描述 16
3.2 卡尔曼滤波器理论 19
3.3 无迹卡尔曼滤波器设计 21
3.4 本章小结 23
第4章 仿真实验 24
4.1 AUV运动仿真 24
4.1.1 AUV偏航运动仿真 25
4.1.2 AUV下潜运动仿真 26
4.1.3 AUV三维运动仿真 27
4.2 观测器仿真 29
4.2.1 AUV直航观测器仿真 29
4.2.2 AUV垂直面Z型操舵观测器仿真 30
第5章 结论与展望 32
5.1 结论 32
5.2 展望 32
参考文献 34
第1章 绪 论
1.1 课题背景和研究的目的及意义
1.1.1 水下自航器概述
根据现今的技术发展成熟程度,在水下开展观察、考证与探索的主要水下工作工具为裁人的水下滑行器和无人的水下滑行器(Unmanned Underwater Vehicle, UUV)。其中无人的水下滑行器的学名为水下工作机器人,其主要功能是实现水上可以远程遥控作业( Remotely Operated Vehicle, ROV)和全自动式无人操控的智能作业方式(Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, AUV)两种区别的功能实现。由于ROV一般是人为的远程操控,而海水较深,探索遥控信号不足以穿透过深的海水达到遥控的目的,通常情况下是在ROV与水面的操控设备之间连接绝缘的电缆,如此可实现操控信号快速到达ROV,而且其信号传输效率高,传回的数字信号比较稳定,不会因线路过长而受到失真的情况。在上个世纪中叶,科学家就开始着手于ROV的研发,经过二十多年的时间,其应用技术比较成熟,并开始应用于民用领域,比如海底石油探测与开采、天然气的探测与开发等。在军事演练方面,则是通过其远程操控达到巡检被击沉的演习军事装备,后来由于技术的进步,使得其在地雷防爆方面得到很大的应用。然而ROV需要连接电缆进线工作,很大程度上失去了灵活性,其在不断靠近作业对象时,自身和电缆与水体之间会形成很大的阻力,使得其作业距离越长,工作功率消耗越大,由此带来的投入成本费用过高;相较于ROV而言,AUV的研发就比较早了,早在十九世纪中叶就有科学家就已经着手于超级AUV的研发和探索。但是由于受到技术的限制,其研发速度比较缓慢。随着二十世纪后期的电子技术、计算机编程技术、人工智能等技术的成熟发展,促使了AUV得到进一步的快速发展,其独特的工作优势使之独树一帜。AUV机身携带动力供应设备,可实现智能的自动巡航功能,在巡航中实现自动避障并设计路线。相较于ROV,AUV的优点甚多,比如其工作的海水深度更大、工作方式灵活、受海水阻力比较小、可以代替人工进入复杂恶劣的环境中工作,成本费用较低。全新一代的AUV研发效果和功能甚多,包括:具备数字智能化操控、电力能源续航持久、机身携带探测器和鱼类高速发射器等。其自身优点,促使其可以协调核潜艇等水下作战武器进行水下作战。现如今,在全球中的许多国家均出于军事防卫考虑,将AUV应用到军事演练中,也同时为民生发展应用到民用中[1]。
1.1.2 课题研究的目的及意义