颗粒增强橡胶复合材料的大变形细观力学模型毕业论文
2021-08-02 21:18:14
摘 要
针对颗粒增强橡胶复合材料的大变形工况,本文采用理论表征和数值模拟的方法,探讨了炭黑填充增强效应对橡胶弹性体的大变形非线性力学性能的影响。
依据橡胶材料超弹性本构理论的基本框架,从应变能密度函数出发,并结合不可压缩假定,推导了单向拉伸与平面拉伸情形下的橡胶超弹性应力应变关系。基于现有的若干经典橡胶超弹性模型(Yeoh模型、Lopez-Pamies模型和修正八链模型),依据细观力学理论和“第一不变量放大”关系,建立了计及炭黑增强效应的橡胶复合材料大变形细观力学本构模型。利用这些理论模型,对三种不同填充体积分数的颗粒增强橡胶在前述两种不同变形状态下的超弹性应力应变响应进行了表征,并与准确可靠的试验数据进行了对比,以考察这些模型对材料不同变形状态的适应性。结果表明,相比于Yeoh模型和Lope-Pamies模型,基于修正八链模型的细观力学模型对不同炭黑含量的填充橡胶材料的预测结果与实验结果吻合较好,它能够较好的反映炭黑增强对橡胶超弹性力学行为的影响。
以菱形十二面体为“基元”,通过对“基元”进行堆积建模,建立了计及颗粒随机分布特性的炭黑填充橡胶三维细观数值模型,并利用该模型对三种不同填充体积分数的颗粒增强橡胶进行了大变形力学模拟,计算结果与试验数据的对比结果表明,这种方法能够在一定程度上描述炭黑增强对橡胶超弹性力学行为的影响。相比于精细的球形颗粒三维数值模型,“基元”堆积法的建模更为方便,在硬件资源有限时,不失为一种可行且有效的模拟手段。
关键词:炭黑增强;橡胶材料;非线性超弹性;细观力学模型;数值分析
Abstract
Based on the large deformation case of particle filled rubber composite, the works on constitutive characterization and numerical simulation are conducted, to investigate the effect of carbon-black reinforcement on the nonlinear hyper-elastic properties of rubber elastomer.
By employing the basic framework of rubber elasticity and physics, the hyper-elastic stress-strain relationships of rubber materials respectively under uniaxial tension and planar tension are derived from their strain energy density function. Based on some classical hyper-elastic models (Yeoh model, Lopez-Pamies model and modified 8-chains model) in combination with homogenization theory and “1st invariant amplification” assumption, we get the micromechanics model which can take into account the effect of carbon-black reinforcement of rubber composites for discribing their large deformation behavior. By using these models, the hyper-elastic responses of three kinds of particle filled rubbers only differing from the volume fraction of carbon-black are characterized, under the cases of uniaxial tension and planar tension, respectively. The comparison between the prediction results of above theoretical models and the corresponding test data previously obtained demonstrates that the micromechanics approximation based on the modified 8-chains model can reflect the influence of particle filler upon the rubber matrix. Besides, this model possesses ability to predict the behavior of rubber composite under complicated deformation conditions stably, when compared to Yeoh model and Lopez-Pamies model.
By using the construction way of rhombic docecahedron "basic cell" as numerical modeling method, the 3D multi-particulate numerical constitutive models of CB filled rubbers with random particulate distribution are set up. Then the mechanical behavior of particle-reinforced rubber composites with three different volume fractions at large deformation are simulated and investigated. Shown with the comparison between the numerical results and the test results, this method can describe the effect of hyperelastic behavior for CB filled-reinforced rubbers in a certain degree. Compared to the 3D numerical models with spherical particles, the construction method is convenient and effective with relatively lower requirement on hardware resources.
Key Words:carbon black reiforcement;rubber material;nonlinear hyperelastic property; micro-mechanics model;numerical analysis
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 颗粒增强橡胶复合材料简介 1
1.3 国内外研究现状 2
1.3.1 理论模型 2
1.3.2 数值模型 4
1.4 本章工作 5
第2章 颗粒增强橡胶复合材料的大变形细观力学模型 6
2.1 橡胶超弹体本构模型的基本框架 6
2.1.1 变形和运动的描述 6
2.1.2 橡胶材料的超弹性本构模型 7
2.2 现有的经典橡胶超弹体模型 9
2.3 炭黑增强的橡胶复合材料细观本构模型 11
2.3.1 炭黑增强效应 11
2.3.2 表征结果与讨论 14
2.4 本章小结 18
第3章 颗粒增强橡胶复合材料的细观数值本构模型 19
3.1 以菱形十二面体为“基元”的细观数值本构模型 19
3.1.1 菱形十二面体“基元” 19
3.1.2 “基元”的网格划分 19
3.2 计算结果 22
3.3 本章小结 25
第4章 总结与展望 26
4.1 全文总结 26
4.2 工作展望 26
参考文献 28
致谢 30
第1章 绪论
1.1 引言
工业生产中广泛使用的橡胶材料大多是填充有炭黑颗粒的复合材料[1]。炭黑颗粒的加入,能够有效提高橡胶弹性体强度、模量和耐磨性等多个方面的力学性能[2],使其在各工程领域和产业部门中的应用范围更加宽广。当然,在橡胶工业中,由于不同产品使用环境的差异,以及同一产品不同部位使用条件的差异,都对所涉及的材料性能提出了不同的需求。为了设计出满足各类橡胶制品性能(尤其是力学性能)需求的颗粒增强复合材料,有必要探索以炭黑颗粒为代表的填充相对橡胶基体相的力学响应规律,建立起颗粒增强细观因素与复合体系宏观性能的定量关系[2]。至今为止,这仍是橡胶生产工业界与学术界中备受关注的课题之一,它对于相关橡胶材料的设计、研发和生产具有指导性意义。
1.2 颗粒增强橡胶复合材料简介