摘 要

国家高度重视西部地区的教育发展。新疆位于中国西北部边陲，地域辽阔，交通闭塞，居民点分布比较分散，新疆的基础教育水平落后。经济的迅速发展带来城市化的进程加快，大量的人口向城市转移，导致产生基础教育资源的分布不均匀的现象。本文通过分析伊犁自治州直属县市中小学空间分布，利用地理信息系统的空间分析方法。研究学校和居民点的分布特征，探讨研究区基础教育资源配置存在的问题，从而提出合理的规划建议。

首先对伊犁州直属县市的中小学校以及小区分布状况进行研究，结果发现有些地方的基础教育资源分布与居民点分布一致，也有些地方的基础教育资源分布与居民点的分布不一致；结合道路网的分布，从中发现基础教育资源分布与道路分布密切相关，很多学校分布都靠近道路。其次，从基础教育资源的均衡性出发，用点密度分析县级区域的中小学教育资源分布的密集程度的差异进行探讨，对各个县市对教育资源配置的需求程度有一个初步的认识。再通过定量的分析每万人所有有的学校数量图，更加直观的发现各县级区域教育资源的需求程度。从教育资源的公平性角度，以就近入学为原则，利用时间可达性分析所有小区到最近距离学校所花费的时间，对学生获取教育服务机会进行评估。最后通过维吾尔自治区办学标准中规定的中小学服务半径范围进行缓冲区分析，各个县市中不在中小学服务范围的小区的百分比，结合各个县市中小学教育资源的供给状况进行调整。

关键词：教育资源；空间分析方法；点密度分析；时间可达性分析

Abstract

The state takes the development of education in the western region very seriously.Xinjiang is located in the northwest border of China, the territory is vast, the traffic is blocked, the distribution of residential areas is scattered, and the level of basic education in Xinjiang is backward.Along with rapid economic progress,bring the process of urbanization to speed up,and a large number of population transfer to the city, resulting in the uneven distribution of basic education resources.By analyzing the spatial distribution of Yili primary and secondary schools, the spatial analysis method of geographic information system is adopted. Study the distribution characteristics of schools and settlements, discuss the problems of basic education resource allocation in the study area, and then make reasonable planning suggestions.

Firstly, the distribution of primary and secondary schools and residential areas in counties and cities directly under Yili Prefecture is studied.It was found that the distribution of basic education resources in some places was consistent with the distribution of communities, and the distribution of basic education resources in some places was not consistent with the distribution of communities;Combined with the distribution of road network, it is found that the distribution of basic education resources is closely related to the distribution of roads, and many schools are close to the road. Secondly, from the point of view of the balance of basic education resources, we use point density to analyze the differences in the distribution intensity of education resources in county-level regions, and have a preliminary understanding of the degree of demand for education resource allocation in each county and city. Then through the quantitative analysis of the number of schools per 10,000 people, the demand degree of educational resources in each county-level region is more intuitively found.From the perspective of equity of educational resources, taking the principle of nearby enrollment as a principle, the time accessibility analysis of all districts to the nearest school time spent to evaluate the access to educational services for students.Finally, through the Uyghur Autonomous Region school standards for primary and secondary school service radius range of buffer analysis, each county and city is not in the primary and secondary service area of the percentage of residential areas, combined with the supply of primary and secondary school education resources in each county and city to adjust the situation.

Key Words:education resource;spatial analysis method; point density analysis; time reachability analysis

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

1 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2研究意义 2

1.2.1理论意义 2

1.2.2现实意义 2

1.3国内外研究现状 3

1.3.1国外研究概述 3

1.3.2国内研究概述 4

2 研究区概况及技术路线 7

2.1研究区概况 7

2.2数据获取与预处理 8

2.3技术路线 8

3 伊犁州直属县市教育资源分布特征分析 10

3.1伊犁州直属县市中小学分布状况 10

3.2基于点密度的学校分布特征分析 13

3.3基于比例模型的中小学分布特征分析 15

3.4基于时间可达性的中小学分布特征分析 18

4 伊犁州直属县市教育资源分布优化分析 25

5 结论与展望 27

5.1研究结论 27

5.2不足与展望 27

参考文献 29

致谢 31

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景

改革开放以来，中国的城市化水平在持续上升，在基本国策的指引下，实施科教兴国战略，重视人才并且培养人才，教育对生产力的发展起到重要的推动作用，从而教育服务设施的相关规划变得特别的重要，在2007年发布的《教育部十一五规划纲要》以及2012年发布的《教育部十二五规划纲要》中对我国中小学的布局规划提出了要求，教育资源的有效利用以及中小学校的均衡分布为目标，对学校的选址和学校的整合等是规划的重点^[1]。

新疆被大致分为南北疆，其中南疆的经济发展落后于北疆，进而影响到教育资源分布的均衡发展。南疆地区的教育水平低下，没有足够的资金和人力帮助，绝大部分的教育资源都分布在北疆。且新疆作为一个多民族聚居区，使用多种语言教学，少数民族语言，或者双语学校的分布也同样不均衡。