论文总字数：22809字

摘 要

随着科学进程的飞速发展，现代化生活的节奏加快，人们的生活质量在逐步提高，从古代的以牛代步到现在的化石燃料驱动的汽车，交通工具的更新换代给生活带来了极大的便利，但同时，化石燃料的燃烧也向大气中排放着各种有毒有害的污染物，例如汽车尾气中含有一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NO_X)、碳氢化合物(HC)及其他颗粒物等有毒污染物^[1]。若出现再次污染状况会造成光化学烟雾的形成，这不仅打破了自然环境的平衡，还威胁到人们的生命安全。目前，降解机动车排放废气是解决有害污染物的有效途径。在环境催化范畴中，这已成了关注探索焦点。在催化剂中，我们了解到传统的贵金属催化剂虽然具有良好的催化性能，但成本高昂且易受有害元素硫、磷等的影响导致催化剂中毒^[2]。结合文献我们发现，钙钛矿型(ABO₃)氧化物催化剂因其独特的空间结构而具有催化性能的特点，现已成为新时代良好催化剂之一，也成为解决汽车尾气污染物的重要途径之一。

本课题以稀土掺杂钙钛矿型氧化物ABO₃为研究对象，其中B位元素为钴、锰, 通过对不同的元素掺杂在A位来制备不同类型的样品，以现代的分析手段从多角度对样品的光、热、电学性能之间的相互关系进行系统地研究，并探究其对太阳光的吸收与热转化性能。具体的研究途径如下：通过TG-DSC分析前驱粉进行的煅烧温度；使用XRD衍射分析图谱，匹配标准卡片以得正确的烧成温度；结合UVPC和FT-IR对粉体进行光学性能的测试与分析；使用太阳光模拟器、热电偶和光功率密度计研究样品在进行不同光功率下温度和电导率的变化趋势；最后，通过气相色谱仪、恒温水浴槽、氙灯和真空泵测试等对气体进行光热催化降解测试。

关键词：钙钛矿 催化净化 光热转换 电导率

ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of science proceeding, the pace of modern life speeding up, people's quality of life is gradually improving. From the ancient cattle to the present fossil fuel-driven cars, the upgrading of transport to bring a great convenience to life, but at the same time, the burning of fossil fuels to the atmosphere is also a variety of toxic and harmful pollutants , Such as carbon dioxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_X), hydrocarbons (HC) and other particulate matter and other toxic pollutants, resulting in acid rain and photochemical smog formation, not only destroyed the balance of natural ecological environment, but also threatening to human health and life^[1]. Now, the catalytic purification of automobile exhaust gas which is one of the effective ways to solve the harmful pollutants has become a hot topic in the field of environmental catalysis in recent years. In the field of catalyst, we understand that the traditional noble metal catalyst has good catalytic properties, but the high cost and vulnerable to harmful elements such as sulfur, phosphorus and other factors lead to catalyst poisoning is a problem ^[2]. With the literature, we found that the perovskite type (ABO₃) oxide catalyst has been characterized by its unique spatial structure and its catalytic performance. It has become one of the new catalysts in the new era and has become one of the important ways to solve the vehicle exhaust pollutants.

In this study, I take rare earth doped perovskite oxide ABO₃ as the object of study, in which the B element is cobalt and manganese, through doping different elements to A to prepare different types of samples. By the modern means of analysis from the multi- The relationship between the optical, thermal and electrical properties of the samples was systematically studied and the solar energy absorption and photo-thermal conversion were investigated. The specific research methods were as follows: the calcination temperature range of the precursor powder was determined by DSC; X-ray, the structure of the material, the structure or morphology of the atoms or molecules in the material, etc. The optical properties of the powders were characterized and analyzed by UVPC and FT-IR. The solar simulator, thermocouple and the density of the samples of optical power was characterized by different optical power. The degradation of different gases was tested by gas chromatograph, constant temperature water bath, xenon lamp and vacuum pump.

KeyWords: Perovskite； Catalytic purification； Solar-thermal conversion; Conductivity

目 录

摘 要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题背景 1

1.2钙钛矿型ABO₃氧化物的晶体结构与特性 1

1.2.1结构 1

1.2.2特性 2

1.3 太阳能光热转化 3

1.3.1光热转化技术基本原理及其应用 4

1.3.2太阳能选择性吸收涂层 4

1.4红外辐射基础 4

1.4.1红外辐射率 5

1.5选题背景 5

1.5.1课题背景 5

1.5.2 研究内容 5

第二章 实验部分 7

2.1 实验制备原料 7

2.1.1钴酸盐样品系列 7

2.1.2 锰酸盐样品系列 7

2.2 实验测试仪器 8

2.3样品的制备方法 8

2.4 样品的结构组成与形貌表征 10

2.4.1 热重-差示扫描量热分析 10

2.4.2 X射线衍射分析 10

2.5 样品性能测试 11

2.5.1 光学性能分析 11

2.5.2 电性能测试分析 11

2.5.3催化性能测试 12

第三章钙钛矿型稀土氧化物的制备及其性能的研究 13

3.1 热重—差示扫描量热分析 13

3.1.1钴酸盐样品系列 13

3.1.2锰酸盐样品系列 14

3.2 X射线衍射分析 15

3.3 光学性能分析 16

3.3.1 UVPC漫反射测试 16

3.3.2 FT-IR中远红外反射测试 17

3.4 电性能分析 18

3.4.1 钴酸盐系列样品 18

3.4.2锰酸盐里系列样品 20

3.5催化性能测试 22

3.5.1钴酸盐系列样品 22

3.5.2锰酸盐系列样品 23

3.6本章小结 24

第四章 展望与结论 25

4.1 结论 25

4.2 展望 26

参考文献 27

致谢 29

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：22809字