论文总字数：23244字

摘 要

随着社会与经济的发展，能源匮乏是人类共同面对的难题，不仅如此，能源的储存也是一大难题。科学家研制出一种高效率储能装置-超级电容器，应用领域十分广泛。在超级电容器的组成结构中，电极材料直接影响着其储能效果，为了解决能量储存的问题，需要研究出高电学性能的电极材料。本文采用水热法制备氢氧化镍电极材料，并以物理及电化学测试对其进行表征。主要研究方法如下：

1. 制取花团状Ni(OH)₂电极材料使用水热法。以环六亚甲基四胺（HTMA）为沉淀剂，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB）为表面活性剂，水和异丙醇为溶剂，通过控制水热反应温度，HTMA种类以及CTAB的是否加入，研究花团状氢氧化镍的电化学性能。结果表明：以HTMA为沉淀剂，CTAB为表面活性剂，温度为150℃，水和异丙醇作为溶剂时，合成的氢氧化镍电极材料具有最好的比电容值和花团状多孔隙结构。
2. 利用物理表征手段以及化学测试方法，得到花状Ni(OH)₂电极材料在150℃温度下，1 A·g^-1的电流密度下具有高达1508 F·g^-1的比电容量，而且在1000次循环过后，其初始电容仍保持在80.5%，具有优异的循环稳定性和电容性能。

关键词：超级电容器 氢氧化镍 电极材料 花团状结构

Preparation and capacitance of flower shaped Ni(OH)₂ electrode material

Abstract

With the development of society and economy, energy shortage is a common problem faced by human beings. Besides, energy storage is also a big problem.Researchers have developed a high-performance energe storing equipment called a supercapacitor, which has been used in a large number of applications.In the construction of supercapacitor, electrode material has a great influence on supercapacitor. For the purpose of cope with the energe storing issue,it's of vital importance to develop electrode material with high electrical properties.Nickel hydroxide electrode material was prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by physical and electrochemical tests.The main research methods are as follows：

1. The flower-shaped Ni(OH)₂ material was prepared by hydrothermal method.Using HTMA as precipitant, CTAB as surfactant, and water and isopropanol as solvent, the various properties of the flower-shaped nickel hydroxide electrode material were studied by controlling the hydrothermal reaction temperature, HTMA type and the addition of CTAB.The results showed that: when HTMA was used as precipitant, CTAB as surfactant, the temperature was 150℃, and water and isopropanol were used as solvent, the synthesized nickel hydroxide electrode material had the best specific capacitance and flower-like porous structure.
2. The flower-shaped Ni(OH)₂ electrode material has a specific capacitance of up to 1508 F·g^-1 at 150℃.The initial capacitance of the flower-shaped Ni(OH)₂ electrode material remained at 80.5% after 1000 cycles, showing excellent cycling stability and capacitance performance.

Key Words:Supercapacitor; Nickel hydroxide; Electrode materials; Floral structure

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2超级电容器原理 1

1.2.1双层超级电容器工作原理 2

1.2.2法拉第赝电容器 3

1.2.3混合超级电容器 3

1.3超级电容器电极材料 3

1.3.1碳基材料电极 4

1.3.2赝电容电极材料 4

1.4电解液 5

1.4.1水系电解液 5

1.4.2有机电解液 5

1.4.3固态电解液 5

1.5隔膜 6

1.5.1隔膜的作用机理 6

1.5.2隔膜的性能要求 6

1.5.3隔膜的分类 6

1.6超级电容器应用现状 7

1.7研究内容和目的 8

第二章 实验部分 9

2.1实验材料 9

2.1.1主要试剂 9

2.1.2实验设备 9

2.2实验过程 10

2.3研究手段 11

2.3.1物理表征 11

2.3.2电化学测试 11

第三章 数据分析 13

3.1引言 13

3.2实验条件对氢氧化镍的影响 13

3.3.1沉淀剂对氢氧化镍的影响 13

3.3.2表面活性剂对氢氧化镍的影响 14

3.3.3溶剂对氢氧化镍性能的影响 16

3.3.4温度对氢氧化镍的影响。 18

第四章 结论 23

参考文献 25

致 谢 28

第一章 绪论

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：23244字