摘 要

随着工业现代化的不断发展，高性能纤维的应用越来越广泛。PBO纤维以其比强度高、比模量高、耐高温性能好的特点，成为航空航天、军事国防、体育器械等领域的重要材料。在以前的研究中，大多采用环氧树脂、聚四氟乙烯作为基体材料，与PBO纤维进行复合，制备出刚性材料。本文采用氟橡胶作为基体，通过溶液法制备预浸料，通过平板硫化机进行模压成型，制备出柔性复合材料。氟橡胶中电负性较大的氟原子赋予材料良好的耐候性，使得材料在极端环境下仍具有优异性能。空心玻璃微珠的加入，使得材料轻量化。

本文对PBO/氟橡胶复合材料进行湿热老化、紫外线老化处理，测试了老化前后材料拉伸强度的变化，并通过扫描电镜观察断面形貌。并对比了不同空心玻璃微珠含量的复合材料的介电性能差异。

实验表明：空心玻璃微珠含量增加至12%时，复合材料的密度降低了26%，能够明显降低材料的密度；空心玻璃微珠的加入会使基体对纤维的包裹性变差，影响界面结合；随着空心玻璃微珠含量增加，PBO/氟橡胶复合材料的介电常数增大,PBO/氟橡胶复合材料的介电常数在2-4范围内，电场频率在12GHz-15GHz时，介电常数逐渐增加，15GHz时，介电常数出现跌落；空心玻璃微珠的加入会使材料的拉伸强度降低，未加入空心玻璃微珠的试样，其拉伸强度为198MPa，空心玻璃微珠含量为12%，拉伸强度降至154MPa；PBO/氟橡胶复合材料具有优良的耐老化性能，湿热环境对材料界面的影响较大，未加空心玻璃微珠的试样，紫外老化处理后，拉伸强度降低了5%，湿热老化处理后，拉伸强度降低了11%。

关键词：PBO/氟橡胶复合材料；空心玻璃微珠；介电性能；耐老化性能

Abstract

With the continuous development of industrial modernization, the application of high-performance fibers has become more and more widespread. PBO fiber has become an important material in the fields of aerospace, military defense, sports equipment and so on because of its high specific strength, high specific modulus and high temperature resistance. In the previous research, epoxy resin and polytetrafluoroethylene were mostly used as matrix materials, and composited with PBO fibers to prepare rigid materials. In this paper, fluororubber is used as the matrix, the prepreg is prepared by the solution method, and the flexible composite is prepared by compression molding through a flat vulcanizer. The highly electron-positive fluorine atoms in the fluororubber impart good weather-ability to the material, so that the material still has excellent properties in extreme environments. The addition of hollow glass microspheres makes the material lightweight.

In this paper, the PBO/fluororubber composites were subjected to damp heat aging and ultraviolet aging treatment. The tensile strength changes of the materials before and after aging were tested, and the morphology of the sections was observed by scanning electron microscopy.The dielectric properties of composites with different hollow glass microsphere contents were compared.

Experiments show that:When the content of hollow glass microbeads increases to 12%, the density of the composite material is reduced by 26%, which can significantly reduce the density of the material;the addition of hollow glass microspheres will make the matrix wrap the fibers. Variation, affecting interface bonding;As the content of hollow glass microspheres increases, the dielectric constant of PBO/fluororubber composite increases, and the dielectric constant of PBO/fluororubber composite is in the range of 2-4, electric field When the frequency is from 12GHz to 15GHz, the dielectric constant increases gradually, and at 15GHz, the dielectric constant drops.The addition of hollow glass microspheres reduces the tensile strength of the material, and the sample without hollow glass microspheres is added. The tensile strength is 198 MPa, the hollow glass microbead content is 12%, and the tensile strength is reduced to 154 MPa. The PBO/fluororubber composite has excellent aging resistance, and the moist heat environment has a great influence on the material interface. After the addition of the hollow glass microspheres, the tensile strength was reduced by 5% after the ultraviolet aging treatment, and the tensile strength was decreased by 11% after the moist heat aging treatment.

Key Words：PBO/fluororubber composite; hollow glass microspheres; dielectric properties; aging resistance

目录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1课题背景及目的与意义 1

1.2聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维（PBO纤维） 2

1.3 氟化橡胶 3

1.4空心玻璃微珠 7

1.5复合材料的成型工艺 8

第2章 材料制备与性能测试 10

2.1实验原料及仪器设备 10

2.2 PBO/氟橡胶复合材料的制备 11

2.3老化处理 12

2.4材料性能测试 14

2.5本章小结 16

第3章 结果与讨论 17

3.1密度 17

3.2拉伸强度 17

3.3介电性能 18

3.4扫描电镜 18

第4章 结论与展望 20

4.1结论 20

4.2展望 20

参考文献 22

致谢 24