摘 要

近年来，我国交通事业迅猛发展，但在沥青路面使用过程中，产生了众多如裂缝、掉粒、坑槽等病害问题。因此，公路维修与养护将逐渐占据主导地位。沥青及沥青混合料具有自愈合特性已经被越来越多的专家学者证实，并且提出了自愈合养护先进理论，形成了热诱导等自愈合技术。本文在此基础之上制备了玄武岩沥青混合料、钢纤维沥青混合料、钢渣沥青混合料和钢渣钢纤维复合沥青混合料四种类型混合料，分析了不同种类沥青混合料的力学与热学性能以及自愈合特性。

首先设计了AC-13级配，采用钢渣替代玄武岩粗集料得到钢渣沥青混合料级配，并制备了一批四种不同类型的混合料试件。采用间接拉伸试验、三点弯曲试验、肯塔堡飞散试验分析了力学性能上的区别，瞬态平板法研究了热学性能的差异。采用电磁感应加热得到升温特性，并进行了断裂愈合试验。

研究发现：钢渣、钢纤维的掺入对沥青混合料的力学性能具有显著影响，能够提高其间接拉伸强度和抗松散能力，其中掺入钢纤维有助于提高沥青混合料的韧性；和混合料的热导率，但掺入钢渣反而降低热导率；电磁感应加热四种沥青混合料表明钢渣与钢纤维均能提高混合料的加热效率，而玄武岩沥青混合料在电磁感应下无加热效果。愈合效率结果表明，三种可被加热混合料在60℃~90℃范围内，愈合率随温度升高均逐渐增大，且在相同温度下钢渣钢纤维复掺沥青混合料愈合率最高。

关键词：沥青混合料；钢纤维 ；钢渣；电磁感应；自愈合

Abstract

Transportation industry in our country has developed rapidly in recent years, but many problems exist in the process of using asphalt pavement, such as cracks, particle loss, pits and so on. Therefore, highway maintenance will be the leading problem gradually. The self-healing characteristics of asphalt and asphalt mixtures have been confirmed by more and more experts and scholars. They have put forward advanced theory of self-healing maintenance and self-healing technology such as heat induction. In this paper, four kinds of mixtures were prepared, they are basalt asphalt mixture, steel fiber modified asphalt mixture, steel slag modified asphalt mixture and steel fiber combined steel slag asphalt mixture. The mechanical and thermal properties of different kinds of asphalt mixtures were analyzed. Heating and self-healing characteristics were also conducted.

Firstly, AC-13 grading asphalt mixture using basalt was designed. And then basalt coarse aggregate was replaced by steel slag to obtain SF. A batch of four different types of mixture specimens were prepared for testing. Indirect tensile test, three-point bending test and Cantabro test were conducted to analyze the differences of mechanical properties of different kinds of mixture. Then thermal properties were tested by transient plate method. Finally, the heating and healing characteristics were carried out by electromagnetic induction machine.

It was found that the addition of steel slag and steel fiber has a remarkable influence on mechanical properties of asphalt concrete. It can improve the indirect tensile strength and the ability to resist particle lose. Steel fiber is helpful for improving the toughness of asphalt mixture as well. Steel fiber has a positive influence on thermal conductivity of the mixture, but the steel slag has on negative influence on the thermal conductivity. Both steel slag and steel fiber can improve the heating efficiency of the mixture using induction heating, but steel slag has a limited effect for heating than steel fiber. Basalt asphalt mixture has no heating effect under induction heating. The healing efficiency increased gradually with the increase of temperature in the range of 60~90 ℃. And the healing rate of SF SS was the highest.

Key words: asphalt mixture; steel fiber; steel slag; electromagnetic induction; self-healing

目 录

1 绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 钢纤维沥青混凝土自愈合特性研究现状 2

1.2.2 钢渣沥青混凝土自愈合特性研究前景 3

1.3 研究内容与技术路线 3

2 原材料与实验方法 5

2.1 原材料 5

2.1.1 钢渣及钢纤维 5

2.1.2 沥青 5

2.1.3 集料与矿粉 6

2.2 实验方法 7

2.2.1 间接拉伸试验 7

2.2.2 SCB弯曲试验 8

2.2.3 肯塔堡飞散试验 9

2.2.4 沥青混合料热学参数 9

2.2.5 感应加热升温特性 9

2.2.6 感应加热愈合试验 10

2.3 级配设计与样品准备 10

3 钢渣钢纤维复合沥青混合料力学与热学特性研究 14

3.1 间接拉伸试验 14

3.1.1试验概述 14

3.1.2试验过程及结果分析 14

3.1.3间接拉伸强度断裂能计算 16

3.2半圆弯曲试验(SCB) 17

3.2.1半圆弯曲试验概述 17

3.2.2试验过程及断裂强度分析 18

3.3 肯塔堡飞散试验 20

3.3.1 试验概述及步骤 20

3.3.2 试验结果及分析 21

3.4 热导率测试 22

3.4.1热常数概述 22

3.4.2试验过程及结果分析 23

3.5 升温特性分析 25

4 钢渣钢纤维复合沥青混合料自愈合特性研究 27

4.1 电磁感应自愈合方法介绍 27

4.2愈合效率研究 28

5 主要结论与展望 31

5.1主要研究结论 31

5.2展望与建议 31

参考文献 32

致谢 34

第1章 绪论

1.1引言

现如今，沥青作为工程材料在国家建设各方面用途越来越广泛，并且应用领域仍在不断拓宽。21世纪以来，世界各国的高速公路发展迅速，这已成为一个国家经济发展水平的标志之一，在我国，90%以上的高速公路和城市道路均采用的是沥青混凝土路面^[1]。如今，沥青在修建高等级路面时必不可少，据统计，修建1km一级公路约需240t沥青，修建1km高速公路约需470t沥青。我国的第一条高速公路在1988年建成，随后高速公路的发展十分迅速。据统计，在2001年底，高速公路总里程已突破1.9万km，跃居到世界第二位。而到2015年末，全国公路总里程已经达到457.73万公里，高速公路总里程更达到了12.54万公里^[2]。随着我国道路交通的不断发展，沥青的需求会越来越大，道路沥青的供应量也应提出更加严格的要求，以满足国民经济快速发展的需要。

由于具有行车噪音小、舒适性高、平整度好、易修复的特点，沥青混凝土路面获得广泛的应用^[3]，如市政道路、高速公路、桥面铺装以及机场跑道等。但由于设计、施工、材料性能和环境因素等原因，沥青材料会逐渐失去黏结性能使路面经常出现掉粒、开裂、坑槽等病害^[4]。目前国内许多公路路面已经迫切需要进行全面的维修和养护。