摘 要

泡沫微晶玻璃因为其具有质轻，强度较大，化学性能稳定等特点，越来越受到人们的重视。传统的墙体保温材料为聚苯乙烯，但是这种材料有个最大的缺陷就是不防火，一旦被点燃以后会造成巨大人员伤亡和经济损失。现如今，泡沫微晶玻璃的原料大多数是工业废渣、废玻璃、各种矿物原料等，通过一定的热处理工艺制备出性能较优的泡沫微晶玻璃。

本文通过“一步法”制备泡沫微晶玻璃，将原料混合好以后，压制成型，放入电炉中采用一次热处理工艺制度制备泡沫微晶玻璃。这种方法的工艺流程简单，并且在一定程度上减少了能源的消耗。

本文通过实验用废玻璃和矿物原料为主要原料制备泡沫微晶玻璃。对制备出的泡沫微晶玻璃进行了不同性能的测试。对SiC和AlN两种发泡剂进行对比，此系统中AlN发泡剂的发泡效果要略好于SiC发泡剂。AlN的最佳加入量为3%。以Na₃PO₄为稳泡剂，其最佳加入量为3%。以硼砂为助溶剂，其最佳加入量为1%。烧结温度为1165℃，烧结时间为15min，发泡时间30min，得到的泡沫微晶玻璃的体积密度为0.61g/cm³，导热系数为0.2533W/m•k，抗折强度为3.94MPa。

关键词：泡沫微晶玻璃；发泡剂；助溶剂；性能；制备

Abstract

Foamed glass ceramics have attracted more and more attention because of its light weight, mechanical strength and good chemical stability.The traditional wall insulation material is polystyrene, but this material has one of the biggest defects, once ignited, it will cause heavy casualties and economic losses.Nowadays, most of the raw materials of the glass ceramics are industrial waste residue, waste glass, various mineral raw materials, etc., and the foam glass ceramics with better properties have been prepared by certain heat treatment process.

In this paper, foam glass ceramics were prepared by “one step method”.After mixing the raw materials, pressing and molding, the foam glass ceramics are prepared by a single heat treatment process in the furnace.The process is simple and reduces energy consumption.

In this paper, foam glass ceramics were prepared from waste glass and mineral raw materials.The properties of the prepared foam glass ceramics were tested.Comparing SiC and AlN two kinds of foaming agent, foaming effect of AlN foaming agent in this system is better than that of SiC foaming agent.The optimum amount of AlN is 3%. With Na₃PO₄ as stabilizer, the optimum addition amount was 3%. With borax as the cosolvent, the optimum addition amount was 1%.The sintering temperature is 1165 DEG C, the sintering time is 15min, and the foaming time is 30min. The volume density of the foam glass ceramics is 0.61g/cm³, the thermal conductivity is 0.2533W/m • k, and the flexural strength is 3.94MPa.

Key Words：foam glass-ceramic,foaming agent,flux agent,performance,preparation

目 录

1. 绪论...................................................................................................................................1

1.1泡沫微晶玻璃概述............................................................................................................1

1.1.1泡沫微晶玻璃..........................................................................................................1

1.1.2泡沫微晶玻璃的特点..............................................................................................1

1.1.3泡沫微晶玻璃的应用..............................................................................................2

1.2泡沫微晶玻璃的制备工艺...............................................................................................2

1.3泡沫微晶玻璃的研究现状...............................................................................................3

1.4本实验的研究内容与目标...............................................................................................4

1.4.1研究内容.................................................................................................................4

1.4.2研究目标.................................................................................................................5

第2章 实验部分...........................................................................................................................6

2.1实验原料和设备................................................................................................................6

2.1.1实验原料..................................................................................................................6

2.1.2实验设备..................................................................................................................6

2.2泡沫微晶玻璃的制备........................................................................................................6

2.3泡沫微晶玻璃的性能测试................................................................................................7

2.3.1体积密度..................................................................................................................7

2.3.2导热系数..................................................................................................................8

2.3.3抗压强度..................................................................................................................8

2.4泡沫微晶玻璃的微观结构测试........................................................................................8

2.4.1体视显微镜..............................................................................................................8

2.4.2 XRD分析.................................................................................................................8

第3章 实验结果与讨论...............................................................................................................9

3.1泡沫微晶玻璃组成的确定................................................................................................9

3.2泡沫微晶玻璃热处理制度的确定..................................................................................10

3.2.1差热及热重分析....................................................................................................10

3.2.2梯度炉....................................................................................................................10