摘 要

近年来，水电开发产业因国家相关政策的出台实施得到发展，但此类工程建设的客观条件较差，如地处偏僻、物资供应及需求不确定性大等，使其工程建设成效依赖物资供应链的高效运行。其中尤以作为物资供应枢纽的铁路转运站的高效运行为关键。因此，将运行优化理论运用于目前多依据经验制定调度计划的铁路转运站中，可以提高转运站的运行效率，具有实际意义。

本文从我国大中型水电开发工程物资供应链出发，分析铁路转运站的运作流程，重点研究物资进站阶段的货车调度优化问题。首先从货车的操作流程出发，将货车调度的决策分为货车编组决策和机车调度决策，其中货车编组决策包括到达货车的分组决策和进站货车组的组内排序决策；机车调度决策中存在通用机车调度和专用机车调度两种模式。然后在问题分析的基础上，建立起两层优化模型，上层模型为包含两种机车调度模式的货车编组及机车调度优化模型，下层模型为补充上层模型的组内货车排序优化模型。根据数学优化模型，本文设计了一种新编码方案下的差分进化算法并嵌套使用优化求解器求解货车调度优化问题。最后选取某铁路转运站实际运行数据，进行计算实验，比较了不同算法的优化性能，从而验证了本文所设计算法的有效性，同时比较了较优的一种算法下不同机车调度模式的优化性能，说明了实验统计结果。

实验结果表明本文设计的货车调度的差分进化算法在两种机车调度模式下都具有较好的目标优化性能，即可使一个调度周期内所有货车压站时长大大缩短，且机车资源配置效率更高；对比两种机车调度模式，在大部分情况下，通用机车调度模式的优化性能较好。

关键词：铁路转运站；货车调度优化；差分进化算法；机车调度模式

Abstract

In recent years, the implementing of some national policies has promoted the development of the hydropower development industry. But the objective conditions of hydropower development project is poor owing to the remote locations, the large uncertainty of supply and demand etc. Thus, the construction efficiency depends on an efficient material supply chain from which the key is the railway transfer platform with more fluent operations. So there is a practical meaning on the application of the optimal theory for the current train scheduling with experience in the railway transfer platform.

With the background of the material supply chain of the medium and large-scale hydropower development project in China, in this paper, there is a detailed analysis of the operations in the railway transfer platform and the study point is the inbound bulk tankers scheduling problem. At first, based on the operation process of the bulk tankers, the scheduling decisions are divided into tankers marshalling decision and locomotives scheduling decision among which the tankers marshalling includes tankers grouping and tankers sorting in the inbound freight trains. And the locomotives scheduling is divided into the general locomotives scheduling pattern and the special pattern. Then the two-level mathematical model is developed according to the analysis of the problem. The upper one is the tankers marshalling and locomotives scheduling model, and the lower one is the tankers sorting model in the inbound freight train which is used for the supplement of the upper model. For the solving of the model, there is a designed differential evolution algorithm with a new encoding mode inserted a commercial solver. At last, some real operation data is selected to do the numerical experiments. The experiments compare the performance of different algorithms and locomotives scheduling patterns, and verify the effectiveness of the designed algorithm in the paper.

The results of the experiments indicates that the designed differential evolution algorithm outperforms among the compared algorithms in the two locomotives scheduling patterns which means the gross dwelling time of the whole tankers is much less meanwhile the allocation of locomotives is more efficient. For the two locomotives scheduling patterns, the general pattern outperforms in the most situations.

Key Words: railway transfer platform; tankers scheduling optimization; differential evolution algorithm; locomotives scheduling pattern

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 课题背景及意义 1

1.1.1 研究的背景 1

1.1.2 研究的意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 论文研究内容及组织结构 3

第2章 水电开发工程铁路转运站货车调度概述 4

2.1 水电开发工程物资供应链 4

2.2 铁路转运站作业区域划分及货车调度管理 5

2.2.1 作业区域划分 5

2.2.2 货车调度管理 6

2.3 本章小结 8

第3章 铁路转运站货车调度优化建模与求解 9

3.1 铁路转运站货车调度问题分析 9

3.2 货车调度优化问题建模 10

3.2.1 货车编组及机车调度优化模型 11

3.2.2 组内货车排序优化模型 15

3.3 货车调度优化算法设计 17

3.3.1 货车调度的三阶段优化算法 17

3.3.2 货车调度的差分进化算法 18

3.4 本章小结 27

第4章 货车调度计算实验及分析 28

4.1 实验案例背景及数据说明 28

4.2 算例分析 29

4.3 计算实验对比分析 32

4.3.1 不同算法比较 32

4.3.2 不同机车调度模式比较 34

4.4 本章小结 35

第5章 环境影响及经济性分析 36

5.1 环境影响分析 36

5.2 经济性分析 36

5.3 本章小结 37

第6章 总结与展望 38

6.1 论文总结 38

6.2 研究展望 38

参考文献 39

附录A 实验数据结果 40

致谢 44