论文总字数：21314字

摘 要

语言行为很大程度体现语言能力，语言能力在一定程度上可预测语言行为，在语言能力的视角下对测试进行分析更为直接、客观。由于汉语学习人数的日益增涨以及学生汉语成绩重要性的不断提升，研究主要关注了汉语水平测试的合理性、公正性等问题。

本文基于Bachman的语言交际能力模式，采用实证研究法及对比分析法，从试题结构和内容上对比研究了近两年国家级别的权威性中文测试，包括美国AP中文测试、俄罗斯国家统一中文测试、南非IEB中文测试以及HSK（汉语水平考试），着重分析不同试卷对考生语言能力的考查比重及不同试题对考生语言能力的考查方式。分析结果表明，作为同阶段的大学准入型测试，美、俄、南非的中文试卷与HSK4级试卷相比语料难度更大，提供的语言情境较少，对考生汉语语言能力的考查更加侧重语法能力及社会语言能力，而语篇能力与言外行为能力的检测易被忽视。

本研究首次将近两年出现的国外命题的官方中文水平测试进行语言能力上的研究，对试卷设计中存在的不足提供了改进建议，以期促进各国中文考试试卷结构与内容的优化，并针对相关阶段的汉语教学提出建议。

关键词： 语言能力；对比分析；汉语测试

Abstract

Language behavior reflects language ability to a great extent, and language ability can predict language behavior to a certain extent. It is more direct and objective to analyze the test from the perspective of language competence. Due to the increasing number of Chinese learners and the increasing significance of students' Chinese performance, the research focused on the reasonableness and impartiality of the Chinese proficiency test.

Based on Bachman's communicative language ability model, this dissertation compares the structure and content of test questions related to language proficiency in the authoritative Chinese test at the national level in the past two years, including the US AP Chinese test, the Russian Federation unified Chinese test, South Africa The IEB Chinese test and the HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test) , focusing on analyzing the proportion of different test papers on the language ability of candidates and the test methods of different test questions on the language ability of candidates. The analysis results show that as the university admission test at the same stage, the Chinese test papers of the United States, Russia, and South Africa are more difficult to compare with the HSK level 4 test papers in the term of corpus, provide fewer language situations, and focus more on grammar for the test of Chinese language ability of candidates Ability and sociolinguistic ability, but the detection of discourse ability and extra-verbal ability is easily overlooked.

This study is the first to test the language proficiency of the official Chinese proficiency test of foreign propositions that have appeared in the past two years. It provides suggestions for improving the deficiencies in the design of test papers, with a view to promoting the optimization of the structure and content of Chinese test papers in various countries. of Chinese teaching.

Key words: Language competence; Contrastive analysis; Chinese examination

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引言 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究价值 1

第二章 研究综述 2

2.1 语言能力的理论发展 2

2.2 语言能力标准的制定 3

第三章 研究方法 7

3.1 研究问题 7

3.2 研究方法 7

3.3 试题采集与试题处理 7

第四章 中美俄南非官方汉语试卷结构与试题内容分析 8

4.1 美国AP中文考试 8

4.2 俄罗斯国家统一中文考试 10

4.3 南非IEB中文考试 13

4.4 HSK4级考试 15

4.5 本章总结 16

第五章 美俄南非官方汉语试题不足及其对策 17

5.1 试题不足 17

5.2 相应对策 20

5.3 本章总结 21

第六章 结语 23

6.1 研究结果 23

6.2 不足与展望 23

参考文献 25

图目录

图1 Bachman语言交际能力模式图 4

图2 美国外语教学委员会语言标准分级表 5

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