论文总字数：13459字

"Civilian" Eco-design Strategy on Office Building

——As an example in hot-summer and cold-winter zone

Zhang Qiju　Han Ying　Chen Chao

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the passive energy-saving strategy on the overall layout and monomer design of officebuilding in hot summer and cold winter area, such as orientation, shape, gray space, etc. And it advocated theways to save energy, protect the environment by the design techniques rather than by increasingequipmentinvestment, thereby to create civilians green building.

KEY WORDS

Civilian；Passive energy saving；Lighting and ventilation；Summer heat insulation；winter heating.

Office building is the construction of large amount of a type of building, behind in terms of the residential building; Office building at the same time is also one of the public building of utilization rate is very high, so how to build green buildings, maximum limit save resources, protect the environment and reduce pollution, provide people with healthy, suitable office space, has very important practical significance.

Office building of air conditioning and lighting energy consumption greatly. Hot summer and cold winter region, air conditioning energy consumption is the biggest year period for 7-9 month, summer high temperatures, air conditioning for office space cooling load; Winter 12 - in February, the temperature is low, and air conditioning for space heating. Most of the time during the spring and autumn and the temperature is more comfortable, less air conditioning open, pay attention to the ventilation of office environment problem which can meet the comfort requirements. In addition, the office environment need good lighting intensity, if the natural daylighting is insufficient, the artificial lighting will aggravate the burden of building energy consumption. To sum up, in the office building in hot summer and cold winter region in China to deal with the main problem is: efficient natural lighting, ventilation, heat insulation in summer and heating in winter. Based on the purpose of the economic and practical, we advocate the "common" green building design, passive energy conservation strategy, which make full use of the regional climate characteristics and advantages, without any active consumption or energy consumption under the condition of less as far as possible to maintain indoor comfort. Foreign avant-garde architect such as Yang scripture, Thomas herzog and others, the ecological design method adopted has the choice of reference. These buildings in orientation, form, space, shading, etc., some effective energy-saving strategy into the creation of architecture scheme, brings to the construction of new image at the same time, also contribute to the energy conservation and emissions reduction of the whole society.

 toward strategy

Although office buildings don't like living building has strict requirements to the sunshine, but as the building of the high usage during the day, the office building should north and south to decorate, such as office main space toward the north and south, as far as possible to daylighting, ventilated; Put the stairs, toilet and other auxiliary space east-west, some disadvantages can increase the thermal inertia of east-west reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning heating. The layout of the office blocks at the same time try to cater to the direction of the dominant wind direction in summer, and the terrain and greening form air duct, guide the flow of natural wind, produce better ventilation environment for office buildings. Can't simply mistaken for office buildings must be perpendicular to the dominant wind direction to improve the indoor air environment of the building, wind direction and office buildings in the open position with a certain Angle, such as 15 ° and 30 °, can make indoor average wind speed is larger, at the same time, building air distribution more uniform, can achieve the ideal effect of natural ventilation. When due to environmental conditions cannot be inlet is the dominant wind direction, the construction can be sorted by step, change the direction of airflow, the wind home. In various forms of combination of office buildings, building appropriate arrangement under the summer of low buildings on the wind and the winter wind direction.

Strategy 2 form

In energy saving buildings, we tend to notice to avoid building shape is too complicated, too much control of shape coefficient. In the process of combining with the architectural form design, however, some form of change not only can produce rich building outline, also helps to achieve the goal of energy saving. Such as construction of body tilt, has the very good construction since the shading effect, reduce the redundant quantity of heat in summer. Norman foster design of London city hall is a classic example of using its form shading. Energy-saving buildings in China also have many beneficial attempt in this respect. Give priority to with scientific research, the office of hangzhou green building science and technology museum (figure 2) in the design of architectural form, building the overall tilt 15 掳 south (Angle can be according to the local two months after the summer solstice has comprehensive consideration the solar altitude angles), produces electromotive force building posture. At high Angle of the sun in summer, south to retaining structure can stop too much exposure to the sun's radiation, and the Angle of the sun in winter is low, heat can enter the room. Wuhan jiangxia district planning bureau office building (figure 3) in the middle of conjoined buildings, adopted the local layer on the east side to pick out the measures. Pick out in the sun in the lower floor is part of the cast shadows, pick out the most floors at the top of the green, the use of middle part of Siamese rippers and form changes and to avoid the shadow of the facade of monotony.

3 the atrium strategy

Open office concept make big space office space, but excessive depth which make the office environment of natural lighting and ventilation are not ideal, must be relying too much on artificial lighting and mechanical ventilation. Studies show that unilateral daylighting ventilated for a 6 meters depth of architectural plane; Bilateral daylighting ventilated is suitable for the architectural plane 12 meters deep. If greater than these values can take the atrium strategies, take advantage of this center adjust micro climate area, can bring light to the building interior, fresh air, and provides the user with a Shared space. So the office building adopts the most is in the top surface in the form of lighting atrium. In the current in the design of some of the atrium, pay attention to the construction of the atrium space feeling, often tend to ignore it as a construction of the ecological function of regulator, such as daylighting ventilated bad atrium roof is easy to cause the "greenhouse effect" of summer, affect the use; Some size and the height of atrium design is not very good to meet the requirements of the lighting and so on. Therefore, in the hot summer and cold winter area design should pay attention to the following aspects of the atrium.

First of all, the atrium dimension should be miniaturization, as far as possible for three to six layers of multilayer atrium buildings is a good choice. Control office building atrium within four aspect ratio, thus bring surrounding office space more even, and plenty of natural light. Atrium used besides the common section shape of rectangular atrium, which can also give priority to A shape atrium (as shown in figure 4) to strengthen the effect of the wind, pull to maximize the chimney effect of atrium, better meet the surrounding office space and the atrium ventilation requirements. Second, the ventilation in atrium well organized into the outlet. Around in the bottom of the atrium, side set the inlet (Windows), the top set can open the window the wind pulling, formed in the spring and autumn transition season without air conditioning system is running an effective natural ventilation, build a comfortable indoor environment. In addition, increasing the inlet and outlet of the vertical distance is beneficial to strengthen the "chimney effect", such as hangzhou green building science and technology museum sunroof wind of highland highlight the roof. Local open around the atrium, can improve the ventilation of the atrium, rich space form. Such as jiangyin environmental testing center opened the gouges where whole pieces were missing in the southwest of the atrium, form the natural wind in summer and transition seasons, strengthen the natural ventilation (as shown in figure 5); In use of the tall building dimension of the northwest in winter to prevent winter sailed south wind field. In addition, in order to cope with the summer too much heat, avoid the "greenhouse effect", the top of the roof light can automatically regulate the activities of the external shading should be adopted. At the top of the roof is not convenient for operation and maintenance, had better use the electric external blinds. Atrium can grow a lot of plants to keep out the sun, inside

For the fresh oxygen, improve the humidity of the air, and can adjust the psychological state of office staff, relieve stress, relax mood.

In high-rise office buildings tower part often will also introduce ecological atrium, and such atrium often due to the top to light and is located in the building side, using lateral daylighting is ventilated. This is Norman foster, Yang scripture ecological high-rise building is the most common. Gradually began to adopt this kind of design method in our country, such as wuhan jiangxia district planning bureau office building in 11 layer, 17 and 23 atrium, create landscape, forming "ecological buffer layer". It not only strengthens the building ventilation, but also provides a platform for afforestation, the relatively closed high-rise office space is introduced in the outer space, to provide close to the natural arena for staff, embodies the humanized design.

4 the underlying strategy built on stilts

In the use of aerial corridor column to form a grey space, the building can adjust microclimate, hot climate in the summer to reduce direct sunlight, reducing the radiant heat. At the same time as the underlying retreated inside the external walls, is to reduce the underlying depth, favorable for the formation of cross ventilation. This approach combined with atrium strategy to enhance the atrium ventilation effect, such as Shanghai ecological construction demonstration building bottom aerial and atrium ventilation

(as shown in figure 1).

5 shade

Summer to indoor natural lighting of excess heat is not comfortable, so outside the window shade is an important way of heat. In the current design, architect easily neglected problems, often just indicate the use finished product outside shading, to the sun, in the form of specifications and no more thought. In addition to the previously mentioned architectural form from the shade, overhead shading, we are also commonly used to shade Windows components, green shade, etc. When shading when placed on the outside of the building envelope, is considered to be one of the most ideal passive energy saving measures. Outside sunshade to solar radiation directly to block outside, as early as possible to prevent the sunlight into the building will ensure the impact of the minimum heat, energy saving effect is good. But outside shading component directly exposed to the outside, on the material and structure durability requirements

High, therefore, often adopt aluminum alloy. Window shade components design, to avoid too much heat is introduced into at the same time also ensure the amount of natural light enough, so the shutter priority. The spirit of the activity outside shading have better

Conversion activity, is advantageous for the season, the most suitable for hot summer and cold winter area. Different shading should use different direction, paying special attention to in the south to west, south by east such bearing to adopt comprehensive shade.

6 summary

Above strategy how to better use in the design, we can through the Ecotect Analysis, CFD - Phoenics software in the design process of the construction scheme of preliminary detailed simulation for natural lighting and ventilation, and according to the results of the calculation, design layout, and the size of the atrium, and his mouth parts such as fine adjustments, to improve the energy saving plan.

At present, by means of low carbon technology and energy saving, more comfortable working environment for staff to improve the working efficiency of the staff into the new office building design goal. Passive energy-saving design is the important way to achieve comfort and energy saving, the architect at the beginning of the plan will be passive design strategies of perfect fusion to the architectural creation, and the ecological energy-saving as a kind of attitude and spirit throughout the design process, to create a "civilian" to the success of green building. In architectural education workers, we are discuss architecture professional ability training of creative talents at the same time, efforts to the green building design methods into our daily teaching, in the hope of the energy-saving design concept rooted at the beginning of the architectural design of students learning.

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