冻干机控制系统设计毕业论文
2021-11-06 20:16:51
摘 要
冻干技术是将含水物质在低温下冻结,而后使其中的水分在真空状况下直接升华。通过冻干技术,可以使物质的本身的物理,化学性质以及它的基本形状不变,可以使有效成分的损失减小到最小。同时还具备复水性好,密封周期长等优点。经过了半个世纪的发展,新的通信技术,新的控制设备,新的控制理论都极大的推动了冻干技术的发展。目前的冻干设备在满足各种工艺要求的基础上,还改善了工艺流程,缩短冻干时间。
本论文主要研究一种采用PLC作为控制设备,变频器作为被控对象,触摸屏作为人机交互界面的冻干机控制系统。针对本次设计选择合适的硬件设备,绘制电气原理图。使用相应的编程软件对PLC与人机交互界面进行设计,采用MODBUS通信进行PLC,触摸屏以及变频器之间的通信。
本文介绍了冻干机控制系统的控制要求,设计结构图,硬件设计,软件设计,人机界面组态软件设计等等。通过对整体系统的理论分析,认为满足本次设计的所有要求,并能够安全稳定运行。
关键词:冻干机控制系统,PLC,触摸屏,变频器
Abstract
The freeze-drying technology is to freeze the water bearing substance at low temperature, and then make the water in it sublimate directly under vacuum condition [1]. Through freeze-drying technology, the physical and chemical properties of the substance and its basic shape can be kept unchanged, and the loss of effective components can be minimized. At the same time, it has the advantages of good rehydration and long sealing cycle. After half a century of development, new communication technology, new control equipment and new control theory have greatly promoted the development of freeze-drying technology. On the basis of meeting the requirements of various processes, the current freeze-drying equipment also improves the process flow and shortens the freeze-drying time.
This paper mainly studies a lyophilizer control system which uses PLC as control equipment, frequency converter as controlled object and touch screen as human-computer interface. For this design, select the appropriate hardware equipment and draw the electrical schematic diagram. The corresponding programming software is used to design the interface between PLC and human-computer, and Modbus communication is used to communicate between PLC, touch screen and frequency converter.
This paper introduces the control requirements, design structure diagram, hardware design, software design, human-machine interface configuration software design and so on. Through the theoretical analysis of the whole system, it is considered that it meets all the requirements of this design and can operate safely and stably.
Key words: freeze dryer automatic control system, PLC, touch screen,Frequency converter
目 录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 课题背景及研究意义 1
1.2 国内外冻干机控制系统发展历程和发展趋势 1
1.2.1 国内外冻干机控制系统的发展历程 1
1.2.2 国内外冻干机控制系统的发展趋势 2
1.3 冻干机控制系统研究内容、方案和预期目标 3
第二章 冻干机控制系统总体设计 4
2.1 冻干机系统及其控制要求 4
2.2 系统总体结构设计 5
第三章 冻干机控制系统硬件设计 9
3.1 可编程控制器(PLC) 9
3.1.1 可编程控制器(PLC)组成及其基本结构 9
3.1.2 可编程控制器(PLC)的工作原理、特点及其选型依据 9
3.2 变频器 11
3.2.1 变频器组成及其工作原理 11
3.2.2 变频器基本特点及选型 12
3.3 触摸屏 13
3.3.1 触摸屏介绍及其基本原理 13
3.3.2 触摸屏基本特点及选型 14
3.4 压力变送器 14
3.4.1 压力变送器介绍、工作原理及其选型 14
3.5 冻干机控制系统电气原理图设计 16
第四章 冻干机控制系统软件设计 22
4.1 PLC控制系统软件设计 22
4.1.1 PLC步进控制流程图 22
4.1.2 PLC程序设计 24
4.2 冻干机监控系统画面设计 30
结论 40
致谢 41
参考文献 42
第1章 绪论
1.1 课题背景及研究意义
冷冻干燥能够很好的保存食物,在0℃以下的天气,刚洗过的衣服晾在室外,很快就会冻结,但是过一段时间,衣服也会干;早在古代的北欧,就有海盗利用寒冷条件来保存和干燥食物。这也算的上是一种冻干技术了。但是,真正将冻干发展为一门科学,还是在近百年。
随着真空冷冻干燥技术的普及与发展,相应提高了对真空冻干设备控制精度和控制稳定性的要求[1]。冻干技术不仅应用在军队,探险等特殊场合,也在食品等行业得到了青睐。目前,较大规模冻干食品企业有一百家以上,其中日本与美国冻干食品占据了市场份额最高。