摘 要

船舶液压舵机是改变和保证船舶航向正确的机械，所以它的运转情况便倍受人们关注。经过长时间的运转，舵机渐渐会产生一些容易导致故障的因素，比如遥控系统里面有短路、断路或接触不良，主油路泄露严重，、有些阀或油路锁闭不严、有些阀没有忘记打开、备用泵发生故障、主油路混入大量气体、舵机产生严重腐蚀、零部件松动等等。这些因素极有可能会导致舵机发生故障，轻则影响航行，重则危及船员生命安全和船舶财产安全，不容忽视。文章提出考虑用组态王组态软件对舵机常见故障进行编程模拟，帮助船员更容易地分辨故障，进而给出解决方案。

论文的主要结构如下：

第一章，主要讲述了船舶液压舵机发生故障带来的巨大危害、舵机故障诊断技术的发展历程和引入组态软件对舵机常见故障进行诊断分析的可行性。

第二章，主要对常见的液压舵机的类型、转舵机构结构特点和工作原理进行透彻分析，为接下来的故障分析打下坚实的基础，为后面引入组态技术做好准备。

第三章，首先对液压舵机常见的故障进行有条理的罗列分析，然后介绍了故障诊断技术的概念、内容，讲述了根据模型的诊断方法的相关内容，引入组态技术。

第四章，首先对组态王软件的结构、内容和使用方法做了一个大概的阐述，然后为接下来的设计做基础的工作。建立两个“I/O整数”变量作为转舵油缸，两个“内存离散”变量作为给转舵油缸泵油的油泵的变量，此时便为转舵机构的设计做好了准备。

第五章，该部分是对各种故障的详细分析和分析后提出的编程设计方案。重点对第一个故障“舵不能转动”的故障设计步骤进行了详细的描述，不仅是对组态王软件的实操步骤进一步的论述，因为各个故障需要的编程方法和步骤比较相似，所以也是对后面故障的编程步骤进行记录，后面便不再赘述。编程的思路基本上是以事物结构为参考，然后画出模拟结构，建立模拟的变量，最后关联模拟的结构和变量，赋予模拟结构以相应的参数。

第六章，对本文的主要研究内容和结论进行归纳总结。

关键词：主油路；变量；液压舵机；转舵油缸；撞杆

Abstract

The ship's hydraulic steering gear is an important device to change and maintain the course of the ship, so its operation is closely watched.

After a long run, steering gear gradually will produce some easy to cause the failure factors, such as remote control system with short circuit, open circuit or poor contact, the main oil leakage is serious, and some oil locking valve or lax^[1], some valve did not forget to open, the standby pump failure, main oil mixed with a large number of gas, steering gear have serious corrosion, loose parts, etc.

These factors are very likely to cause a failure of the steering gear, which can affect the navigation, and endanger the safety of the crew life and the property of the ship.

This paper puts forward the method of programming simulation of common fault of steering gear by the group state software, which can help the crew to resolve the failure more easily, and then give the solution.

The main structure of the paper is as follows:

The first chapter, mainly tells the story of Marine hydraulic steering gear failure brings the enormous harm, the development course of steering gear fault diagnosis technology and the introduction of configuration software for common fault diagnosis analysis, the feasibility of steering gear.

The second chapter, the main types of common hydraulic steering gear, steering mechanism, structure characteristics and working principle of the thorough analysis, to lay a solid foundation for the following failure analysis, prepare for behind the introduction of configuration technology^[2].

The third chapter, first of all, of the common faults of hydraulic steering gear organized the list of analysis, and then introduces the concept and content of fault diagnosis technology, tells the story of diagnosis method based on the model of the related content, introduce the configuration technology.

Chapter 4 begins with a general description of the structure, content, and usage of the group king software, and then does the groundwork for the next design.

Founded two I/O integer variables as the steering cylinder, two "memory discrete variable as for steering cylinder pump variable pump oil, at this time was ready for the design of steering mechanism.

Chapter 5, this section is a detailed analysis and analysis of various faults and the proposed programming design.

"The key to the first failure" rudder cannot turn fault design steps are described in detail, is not only a field of kingview software steps further, because each fault need programming method and the steps are similar^[3], so is to keep a record of fault programming steps behind the back is no longer here.

Programming thought is basically things structure for reference, and then draw the simulation structure, establish a simulated variables, the associated simulation of structure and variable, give the corresponding parameters to simulate structure.

Chapter 6 summarizes the main research content and conclusions of this article.

Keyword：main oil lines；variable；Hydraulic steering gear；oil cylinder；Impact bar

目录

第1章 绪论……………………………………………………………………………..1

1.1 背景及意义…………………………………………………………………….1

第2章 船舶液压舵机分析……………………………………………………………..3

2.1 船舶液压舵机的类型………………………………………………………….3

2.2 液压舵机工作时的作用原理………………………………………………….4

2.3 转舵机构的特点……………………………………………………………….6

第3章 液压舵机常见故障及故障诊断技术…………………………………………..7

3.1 船舶液压舵机常见故障……………………………………………………….7

3.2 故障诊断的技术……………………………………………………………….7

3.2.1 故障与故障诊断的概念………………………………………………..7

3.2.2 故障诊断技术的内容…………………………………………………..7

第4章 组态技术及编程设计准备……………………………………………………..9

4.1 组态王………………………………………………………………………….9

4.2 新建变量和设备……………………………………………………………….9

第5章 故障分析及编程设计………………………………………………………….10

5.1 舵不能转动……………………………………………………………………10

5.1.1 故障分析……………………………………………………………….10

5.1.2 编程设计……………………………………………………………….11

5.2 只能往一个方向转舵…………………………………………………………12

5.2.1 故障分析……………………………………………………………….12

5.2.2 编程设计……………………………………………………………….12

5.3 转舵的时间达不到要求………………………………………………………13

5.3.1 故障分析……………………………………………………………….13

5.3.2 编程设计……………………………………………………………….14

5.4 滞舵……………………………………………………………………………14

5.4.1 故障分析……………………………………………………………….14

5.4.2 编程设计……………………………………………………………….15

5.5 冲舵和跑舵……………………………………………………………………15

5.5.1 故障分析……………………………………………………………….15

5.5.2 编程设计……………………………………………………………….16

5.6 舵机出现不同寻常振动和噪音及舵转动角度不准…………………………17

5.6.1 故障分析………………………………………………………………..17

5.6.2 编程设计………………………………………………………………..17

第6章 总结……………………………………………………………………………..18

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………19

致谢………………………………………………………………………………………20