论文总字数：22981字

摘 要

近年来，屋顶绿化已成为构建生态城市的热门手段，其对城市气候、空气质量、建筑节能均有明显改善。屋顶绿化层的设计需要综合考虑屋面的防水、屋顶结构的承载能力、以及保温隔热性能。本文设计了四种保温隔热型屋顶层，采用试验测试和数值仿真相结合的手段开展研究，试验测试是在野外搭建模型箱并对其室内外的温度进行实时监测，数值仿真是使用多物理场软件COMSOL建模并开展优化分析。

所研究的四种屋顶层按四个工况来考虑和命名，分别是“有板”、“有板有土”、“有板有土有草”、“有板有土有草有水”，其中“有板”是基本工况，相当于仅有建筑楼板，其他三种为优化工况，即在建筑楼板上依次加土、加草、加水。

基于实测数据分析和数值仿真计算结果表明：“有板有土有草有水”实现了屋顶层保温隔热性能的最优化，箱内最大温差为0.62摄氏度，箱内最高温比室外低7.66摄氏度，箱内最低温比室外高5.76摄氏度；考虑自重的前提下，30cm厚的土层是保温隔热型屋顶的最优化选择，箱顶最大温差为1.406摄氏度；在土层总厚度为30cm，底层黏土厚度始终为9cm的情况下，砂土和种植土分别为7cm，14cm时的保温隔热性能最优，箱顶最大温差为1.401摄氏度。

关键词：保温隔热型屋顶层；热传递；渗流；数值模拟；优化设计

Optimization design of parameters of thermal insulation roof layer

Abstract

In recent years, roof greening has become a popular means to build an ecological city, which has significantly improved the urban climate, air quality and building energy saving. The design of the roof green layer needs to consider the waterproof of the roof, the bearing capacity of the roof structure and the performance of heat preservation and insulation. In this paper, four kinds of thermal insulation roof layers are designed, and the research is carried out by the combination of experimental test and numerical simulation. The experimental test is to build a model box in the field and monitor the indoor and outdoor temperature in real time. The numerical simulation is to use the multi physical field software COMSOL to model and carry out optimization analysis.

The four roof layers studied are considered and named according to four working conditions, namely “with board”, "with board and soil", "with board, soil and grass", "with board, soil, grass and water". Among them, " with board " is the basic working condition, equivalent to only a building floor, and the other three are optimized working conditions, namely adding soil, grass and water successively on the building floor.

Based on the measured data analysis and numerical simulation results, it is shown that: "with board, soil, grass and water" achieves the optimization of thermal insulation performance of the roof layer, the maximum temperature difference in the box is 0.62 °C, the highest temperature in the box is 7.66 °C lower than the outdoor temperature, and the lowest temperature in the box is 5.76 °C higher than the outdoor temperature. Considering the self-weight, the soil layer of 30cm is the optimal choice for the thermal insulation roof, and the maximum temperature difference on the top of the box is 1.406°C. With the total thickness of the soil layer is 30cm, and the thickness of the underlying clay is always 9cm, roof layer has the best thermal insulation performance when the sand soil and the planting soil are 7cm and 14cm, and the maximum temperature difference on the top of the box is 1.401°C.

Key Words: Heat preservation and insulation roof layer；Thermal transmission；Seepage；Numerical simulation；Optimization design

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 保温隔热型屋顶层研究现状 1

1.2 保温隔热型屋顶层研究目的 2

1.3 研究思路及方法 2

1.3.1 研究思路 2

1.3.2 研究方法 3

第二章 保温隔热型屋顶层试验方案设计 5

2.1试验思路 5

2.2 试验装置 5

2.3测试仪器 7

2.4 试验土体 7

2.4.1 土体材料 7

2.4.2 土体参数 8

2.5 试验过程 8

2.6 试验工况 10

2.7 试验关键环节 10

2.7.1真空预压法固结饱和黏土 10

2.7.2 砂土层水循环试验 11

第三章 保温隔热型屋顶层测试结果分析 13

3.1 箱周土体温度 13

3.1.1 “有板”工况 13

3.1.2 “有板有土” 工况 14

3.1.3 “有板有土有草” 工况 16

3.1.4 “有板有土有草有水” 工况 17

3.2 日最高温度 18

3.3 日最低温度 19

3.4 日温差 20

3.5 对比分析 21

3.6 本章小节 22

第四章 保温隔热型屋顶层优化分析 23

4.1 热传递理论分析 23

4.2 优化分析方案 24

4.3 仿真分析 24

4.3.1 “有板”工况 24

4.3.2 “有板有土” 工况 25

4.3.3 “有板有土有草” 工况 25

4.3.4 “有板有土有草有水” 工况 26

4.3.5 “有板有土” 工况土层总厚度优化 27

4.3.6 “有板有土”各土层厚度配置优化 29

第五章 结论与展望 30

参考文献 31

致 谢 33

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