方钴矿基材料的快速制备工艺及力学性能研究毕业论文
2021-11-09 21:41:38
摘 要
随着全球科技进步与经济发展,能源和环境已成为当前社会备受关注的重大问题,日益枯竭的化石能源与不断恶化的自然环境迫使人们不得不积极寻找可替代的再生清洁能源。热电材料是一种环境友好型的新能源材料,通过Seebeck效应和Peltier效应可以实现热能和电能之间的直接转换,因此热电材料的研究和发展在能源节约和环境保护等可持续发展战略中具有重要的意义。
方钴矿热电材料因其具有优良的电学性能,被认为是最具应用前景的中温热电材料之一。除了优异的热电性能,考虑到热电器件在工作状态下将承受循环温度荷载、交变机械应力等恶劣环境的考验。良好的热电器件不仅要具备良好的热电性能,还应具备优异的力学性能以保证在服役条件下的稳定性,因此热电材料的力学性能同样在热电材料的应用方面占有举足轻重的地位。目前,合成方钴矿的主要方法包括:液相熔融法、熔融旋甩法、机械合金化法以及高温高压等技术,因其在制备过程生产工艺耗能费时或设备复杂等问题而难以用于批量制备。因此,本文探索设计一种新的热压实验方案,利用一步热压法直接制备块状方钴矿复合材料,研究原料预处理工艺和热压工艺对材料微观组织结构和力学性能的影响,获得最佳制备工艺,同时提高材料的力学性能。
研究结果表明:一步热压法能够快速制备高力学强度的方钴矿热电材料。与传统工艺制备的方钴矿热电材料的力学性能相比,一步热压工艺制备的方钴矿热电材料的弯曲强度提升近145%,断裂韧度提升近127%。此外,在采用新的热压工艺直接制备方钴矿热电材料的同时,在方钴矿基体中复合一维K2Ti6O13晶须能进一步提高方钴矿热电材料的力学性能。
本文的特色:采用一步热压法快速制备方钴矿热电材料,省时节力。
关键词:方钴矿;一步热压;力学性能
Abstract
With the global scientific and technological progress and economic development, energy and environment have become a major concern in the current society. The increasingly exhausted fossil energy and the deteriorating natural environment force people to actively seek alternative renewable clean energy. Thermoelectric material is an environmentally friendly new energy material. The Seebeck effect and Peltier effect can realize the direct conversion between thermal energy and electric energy. Therefore, the research and development of thermoelectric material is of great significance in the sustainable development strategies such as energy conservation and environmental protection.
Because of its excellent electrical properties, thermoelectric material is considered as one of the most promising medium temperature thermoelectric materials. Thermoelectric devices under working state will be under cyclic temperature load and cyclic mechanical stress test of bad environment, such as good thermoelectric devices should not only have good performance, also should have excellent mechanical properties to ensure the stability of in service conditions, therefore, the mechanical properties of thermoelectric materials is also a significant role in the aspect of the application of thermoelectric materials. At present, the main methods for synthesis of cobalt oxide include liquid phase melting, melt spinning, mechanical alloying, high temperature and high pressure, etc., which are difficult to be used in batch preparation due to the energy consumption of the production process or the complexity of the equipment. Therefore, this paper explored the design of a new hot-pressing experiment scheme, using one-step hot-pressing method to directly prepare block cobalt ore composite material, and studied the effects of raw material pretreatment process and hot-pressing process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the material, so as to obtain the best preparation process and improve the mechanical properties of the material.
The results show that one-step thermoelectric materials with high mechanical strength can be prepared by the one-step thermoelectric method. Compared with the mechanical properties of the cobaltic pyroelectric material prepared by the traditional process, the bending strength and fracture toughness of the cobaltic pyroelectric material prepared by the one-step hot-pressing process were improved by nearly 145% and 127% respectively. In addition, while the new hot-pressing process is used to directly prepare the core-squared thermoelectric materials, the mechanical properties of core-squared thermoelectric materials can be further improved by compounding one-dimensional K2Ti6O13 whiskers in the core-squared matrix.
The characteristics of this paper: the one-step hot pressing method is used to quickly prepare the cobalt mine thermoelectric materials, saving time and energy.
Key Words:Skutterudite; One-step hot-pressing; Mechanical property
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
目录 1
第1章 绪论 2
1.1课题研究的背景 2
1.2选题的意义 2
1.3课题研究的内容 3
1.3.1研究基本内容和目标 3
1.3.2 拟采用的技术方案与措施 3
1.3.2.1项目研究实施方案 3
1.3.2.2拟采取的研究方法和技术路线 4
第2章 实验方法和样品制备 5
2.1原料粉的选择 5
2.2一步热压实验方案 5
2.3方钴矿样品的加工 7
2.4样品表征 7
2.4.1X射线衍射物相分析 7
2.4.2密度和致密度测量 7
2.4.3力学性能测试 7
2.5扫描电镜微观结构观察 8
2.6本章总结 8
第3章 一步热压填充型方钴矿CoSb3的研究 9
3.1结果与讨论 9
3.1.1物相分析 9
3.1.2密度和致密度分析 9
3.1.3方钴矿热电材料力学性能分析 10
3.1.3.1方钴矿热电材料弯曲强度分析 10
3.1.4.2方钴矿热电材料断裂韧度分析 11
3.1.5方钴矿热电材料扫描电镜微观结构分析 12
3.2本章总结 12
第4章 结论与展望 14
4.1结论 14
4.2展望 14
参考文献 16
致谢 18
第1章 绪论
1.1课题研究的背景
随着全球科技进步与经济发展,能源和环境已成为当前社会备受关注的重大问题,日益枯竭的化石能源与不断恶化的自然环境迫使人们不得不积极寻找可替代的再生清洁能源。热电材料是一种环境友好型的新能源材料,通过Seebeck效应和Peltier效应可以实现热能和电能之间的直接转换,因此热电材料的研究和发展在能源节约和环境保护等可持续发展战略中具有重要的意义 [1-5]。热电材料的热电转换效率一般以无量纲常数ZT来衡量,,其中、、、分别为Seebeck系数、电导率、热导率和绝对温度。热电参数之间协同调控等问题一直以来制约着热电材料的发展与应用,因此热电性能的优化具有极高的应用价值[1-2]。与此同时,热电器件在工作状态下将承受循环温度荷载、交变机械应力等恶劣环境的考验,良好的热电器件不仅要具备良好的热电性能,还应具备优异的力学性能以保证在服役条件下的稳定性,因此热电材料的力学性能同样在热电材料的应用方面占有举足轻重的地位。
方钴矿热电材料因其具有优良的电学性能,被认为是最具应用前景的中温热电材料之一[6]。但是相比于其他传统热电材料,CoSb3的高热导率很制约该体系材料的整体热电性能,在室温时,它的热导率为10-15 Wm-1K-1。基于此,大多数优化方钴矿的工作集中在降低其晶格热导率上,即采用元素掺杂(固溶)、元素填充和纳米复合等方式来降低其晶格热导率[7-11]。目前,对方钴矿热电性能的研究已经取得了很大的进展,并且已经在n型多电正性元素原子填充的方钴矿化合物取得了1.5以上的热电优值[12,13],这表明了方钴矿材料从材料走向应用具有极大的潜力。