摘 要

煤系高岭土属于硬质高岭土，常与煤矿伴生，具有较高的工业价值。经过深加工的高岭土产品有着良好的物理性质，可广泛应用于石油、陶瓷、玻璃、造纸、橡胶、油漆、化工等行业。中国煤系高岭土的储量比非煤系高岭土储量大，高岭土含量高。但其铁钛含量高，对产品白度影响极大，对其开发利用具有一定难度。因此，将低品质高岭土资源进行深加工，提高其附加值，对中国煤系高岭土资源的综合利用，显得尤为必要。

本论文是以来自四川地区的煤系高岭土为研究对象，在了解原矿性质的基础上采用浮选、磁选、酸浸、化学漂白等方式进行选别试验，并确定了合适的联合流程进行联合流程试验，并成功降低铁钛含量，Fe₂O₃含量从1.79％降至0.59％，TiO₂含量从1.93％降至1.31％，产品煅烧白度从47.55％提高到86.14％，可为该类型煤系高岭土选矿提纯的工业应用提供技术支持和理论依据。

关键词：煤系高岭土；高梯度磁选；浮选；酸浸。

Abstract

Kaolin is a high valuable natural resource and an important non-metallic minerals. It forms in a specific way which is associated with coal. Because of its special physical property, it can be used in porcelain, oil, ceramics, glass, rubber, paint, paper, chemical and other industries after its development. Coal-series kaolin clay from many Chinese clay deposits has a lot advantages. It is easy to mine and has high kaolin content. Most of all, it has a large reservation in China. but its high iron content is a big problem for the comprehensive development and utilization. Promoting the quality of kaolin clay can increase its added value, which is necessary for comprehensive utilization of coal-series kaolin resources. Attempts must be made to provide theoretical basis and technical support and for the exploitation of kaolin resources.

In this thesis, a kaolin clay sample from an active mine site has been studied. According to ore properties, Many mineral processing methods such as flotation, acid leaching, high gradient magnetic separation, are used to remove the major impurities in the ore and to improve the brightness of the clay. At last, a joint joint process with appropriate test conditions has been confirmed, successfully increasing the brightness from 47.55% to 86.14%. The content of Fe₂O₃ drops from 1.79% to 0.59%,and that of TiO₂ from 1.93% to 1.31% .This may provide a reference for the industrial application of kaolin mineral.

Key words:coal-series kaolin; high gradient magnetic separation; flotation; acid leaching.

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 i

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 高岭土的性质及用途 1

1.1.1 高岭土的性质 1

1.1.2 高岭土的用途 1

1.1.2.1 在涂料工业的应用 1

1.1.2.2 在造纸业的应用 2

1.1.2.3 在橡胶领域的应用 2

1.1.2.4 在陶瓷产业的应用 2

1.2 国内外高岭土的资源现状 2

1.3 高岭土提纯的研究现状 3

1.3.1 浮选法 3

1.3.2 磁选法 4

1.3.3 重选法 4

1.3.4 化学法 4

1.3.5 生物浸出法 4

1.3.6焙烧法 5

1.3.7超细磨 5

1.4 实验研究的目的意义和主要内容 5

1.4.1 研究的目的意义 5

1.4.2 主要研究内容 5

第二章 试验设备、药剂和研究方法 7

2.1 试验用仪器、设备和相关化学药剂 7

2.2 矿石性质测试方法 8

2.3 实验研究方法 8

第三章 高岭土原矿性质研究 9

3.1 原矿的化学成分 9

3.2 原矿筛分分析 9

3.3 矿石的矿物组成 11

第四章 高岭土磨矿工艺试验 13

4.1 行星磨磨矿试验 13

4.2 瓷球磨磨矿试验 13

4.3 搅拌磨超细磨矿试验 14

4.4 煅烧条件实验 16

第五章 提纯工艺实验 17

5.1 磁选探究实验 17

5.1.1 单流程磁选实验 17

5.1.2 高梯度磁选条件试验 18

5.1.3 磁化焙烧—磁选探索试验 19

5.2 高岭土还原漂白试验研究 21

5.3 反浮选除铁钛工艺流程 22

5.4 磁选酸浸联合流程研究 23

5.5 离心选矿试验研究 24

第六章 推荐试验流程 27

第七章 结论 28

参考文献 29

致谢 31

附录 高岭土相关产品质量标准 32