摘 要

多工位冷镦机^[1]作为少切削或无切削，高效率且自动化程度高的冷成型设备，主要用于加工标准件，紧固件和异形件，在航空航天汽车厂等工业部门中得以广泛应用，它是金属材料塑性成形技术中的重要加工方法之一，就目前国内形式而言，冷镦产品呈现供不应求局面，与其期望大量进口，不如提高国内的冷镦技术，扩大冷镦生产规模，实现自给自足。那么，需要考虑的是，在设计和制造过程中，如何实现技术的研发创新，使冷墩技术达到中高端化，将成为后来者的研究方向。从产品质量成本以及环保方面出发，综合设计研究，来提高冷镦机械的性能，这将不仅仅有着经济价值的现实意义，更有着提高国内机械水平的战略意义。

本文是在冷镦机加工厂实地参观记录学习后的基础上，结合企业的实际产品和所学的机械设计知识，应用现代设计方法，包括原理分析，结构设计，三维建模，有限元分析等，对8mm冷墩机的主滑台部分进行研究设计。

在查阅了相关文献等资料后，从目前冷镦机现状出发，结合冲压工艺的工作原理，对冷镦机主滑台的结构进行分析，主要结构分为主滑台主体，两侧侧板，两端上盖，两侧楔板，前端动模板及动模固定板，分析各个零部件的配合关系，并通过solidworks进行三位建模。主滑台机构作为关键运动部件，还要对其关键部位进行有限元分析以及动力学仿真，以确保其质量和可靠性。除了结构设计外，公差^[2]的选取对产品质量有着至关重要的影响，主滑台作为主要运动机构，配合关系将影响到运动的平稳性和生产产品^[3]的合格与否，对机构零部件的公差选择也是一个重要环节，除此之外，运动过程的摩擦不可避免，对主滑台的润滑以及维修在零部件的结构设计上也要有特别处理。

此次设计采用现代设计方法，以高精度高效率为原则，提高生产速度，降低生产成本。

关键词：8mm冷镦机，主滑台，结构设计，滑台行程，三位建模，有限元分析，动力学仿真

ABSTRACT

Multi station cold heading machine as less cutting or no cutting, high efficiency and high degree of automation of cold forming equipment, mainly for processing standard pieces, fasteners and non-standard fittings, in aerospace, automotive plant and other industrial sectors can be widely used. It is one of the important methods in the plastic forming technology of metal materials. On the current domestic form, the product is in short supply situation of cold heading. With the expectation of a large number of imports, rather than raise the domestic cold heading technology, expand the scale of production to achieve self-sufficiency in cold heading. So, we need to consider is, in the design and manufacturing process, how to achieve technological innovation to make the cold pier technology to achieve high – end. This will become the research direction of the later. From the perspective of the cost of product quality and environmental protection, comprehensive design and research, to improve the performance of cold heading machine. This will not only has the practical significance of economic value, and also has a strategic significance to improve the level of domestic machinery.

This paper is based on visiting the cold heading machine processing factory site, combined with the enterprise of the actual product and the mechanical design knowledge, application of modern design methods, including the principles of analysis, structure design, 3D modeling, finite element analysis,to study the main slide part of 8mm cold mound machine. In referring to the related literatures, from the current status of cold heading machine, combining with the working principle of the stamping process,we need to analyze the structure of cold heading machine main slipway. The main structure is divided into the main body of the slide, on both sides of side plates, both ends of the cover on both sides of the wedge, the front movable template and the movable mould fixing plate. We need to analysis of the various parts of the relationship, and through the SolidWorks make the three bit model. Main slider mechanism as the key to moving parts, for the key parts,we need to make the finite element analysis and dynamic simulation, to ensure its quality and reliability. In addition to the structural design, the tolerance of the selection of product quality has a crucial impact, The main slide as the main movement mechanism, its coordination relationship will affect the smooth movement of qualified product and production or not. Tolerance selection is also an important part of the mechanism. In addition, the friction of the motion process is inevitable. The main slide lubrication and maintenance in the structure design of parts also have special treatment.

This design uses the modern design method, with high precision and high efficiency as the principle, to raise the production rate and reduce the production cost.

Key word: 8mm cold heading machine , The main slide part, Structure design, Slide part traveling, Three bit model, finite element analysis, dynamics simulatio

目录

第1章 绪论 ……………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 课题研究的目的及意义…………………………………………………………………1

1.2 冷镦加工原理简介………………………………………………………………………2

1.3 冷镦加工及主滑台的国内外研究现状…………………………………………………3

1.4论文研究方向及关键技术 ………………………………………………………………3

第2章 冷镦机主滑台设计基础 ………………………………………………………………5

2.1 主滑台的设计方法---结构分析法 ……………………………………………………5

2.2 主滑台与传动系统及床身的连接方法…………………………………………………6

2.2.1 连杆曲轴连接………………………………………………………………………6

2.2.2 螺栓连接……………………………………………………………………………6

2.3 润滑………………………………………………………………………………………6

第3章 主滑台的理论计算与设计 ……………………………………………………………7

3.1 冷镦机主滑台的行程计算………………………………………………………………7

3.1.1 滑块行程……………………………………………………………………………7

3.1.2 滑块速度……………………………………………………………………………8

3.1.3 滑块加速度…………………………………………………………………………8

3.2 关系 ………………………………………………………………………………8

3.3 主滑台机构受力分析与计算……………………………………………………………9

3.3.1 冷镦力及连杆强度计算……………………………………………………………9

3.4 螺栓连接计算 …………………………………………………………………………10

3.4.1 动模固定板螺栓连接 ……………………………………………………………10

3.4.2 连杆螺栓连接 ……………………………………………………………………11

第4章 三维建模与运动仿真 ………………………………………………………………12

4.1 建模软件的选择与介绍 ………………………………………………………………12

4.2 典型零部件的三维建模及装配 ………………………………………………………12

4.2.1 主滑台主体 ………………………………………………………………………12

4.2.2 动模板 ……………………………………………………………………………12

4.2.3 动模固定板 ………………………………………………………………………13

4.2.4 连杆 ………………………………………………………………………………13

4.2.5 其他零部件及装配体 ……………………………………………………………14

4.3 运动仿真及分析 ………………………………………………………………………15

第5章 关键部位的ANSYS分析………………………………………………………………17

5.1 主滑台关键部位的应力应变分析 ……………………………………………………17

5.1.1 材料设置 …………………………………………………………………………17

5.1.2 导入模型并赋予材料 ……………………………………………………………17