新材料在车身轻量化中的应用研究毕业论文
2021-03-15 21:10:43
摘 要
随着我国汽车工业的发展,我国连续多年成为世界汽车销售大国,汽车产业已经成为我国支柱产业,为我们的出行提供了很大的方便。但是随着汽车的普遍,我国逐步进入污染加剧、能源面临枯竭的状况。如何让汽车更加节能减排成为汽车界研究的主要方向。因此,轻量化汽车应运而生。
本文主要从材料的角度对轻量化车身进行了研究。首先,将轻量化车身材料分为了三个主要方面:高强度钢、轻质合金、塑料及其复合材料。然后,对这些材料的发展状况进行了分别研究,对材料的相对性能进行了分析,确定了各个材料的可行性,对制造材料所需要的工艺技术进行了分析比较,从而确定了材料的未来发展方向。
研究表明,未来一段时间内,高强度钢凭借它的性能以及工艺,将继续在车身上占有很大的比例。而当前处于发展阶段的铝合金将成为未来一段时间车身占比增长最快的材料,而且铝合金的性能以及工艺确实能够满足轻量化车身发展的需要。镁合金和复合材料受到加工工艺及成本的限制,近几年增长缓慢,但是在未来,这两类材料却是最具发展潜力的新型车身轻量化材料。未来某一天,复合材料和镁合金可以成为车身主流材料。
本文的特点在于:运用对比的方法,对材料的可行性进行了分析。本文主要是从两个方面进行的对比。其一是对比分析高强度钢、轻质合金、复合材料的产品性能,从性能的角度出发,找出性能上最适合轻量化车身的材料。其二是从工艺角度对比分析这三种材料的制造难易度。从这两个角度的对比,综合得出理论上最适合车身轻量化的材料。
关键词:轻量化;高强度钢;合金;复合材料;工艺
Abstract
With the development of our automobile industry, China has become the biggest automobile selling country in the world for many years. The automobile industry has made our pillar industry, which has brought great convenience for us. But accompanied by the popularity of vehicle, the pollution in China has intensified continually, and energy has been facing the point of exhaustion. How to make vehicle more energy-efficient emission reduction is becoming the automotive industry's main direction. Therefore, lightweight cars have come into being.
In this article, the lightweight body in terms of material was studied. First, the lightweight body material was divided into three main areas including high strength steel, light alloy, plastic and composite materials. Then, the development of these materials was investigated separately, the performance of these materials was analyzed, and the feasibility of these materials was determined. In addition, the process technology associated with manufacturing these materials was analyzed and compared to determine the future development direction of these materials.
Studies have shown that in the future, high-strength steel will go on occupying a large proportion of the body because of its performance and technology. The light alloy will become the fastest growing body materials at the present stage of development. The performance and process of aluminum can really satisfy the needs of the development of lightweight body. Magnesium alloys and composites grow slowly in recent years due to the limited process technology and cost. However, these two types of materials are the most potential materials for the body lightweight in the future. Composite materials and magnesium alloy can become the main body material in the future.
The characteristics of this article are as follows. The feasibility of the material was analyzed by the comparison. This article compared three kinds of materials from two aspects. One is the comparative analysis of product performance, involving high-strength steel, light alloy and composite material ensuring the most suitable material for lightweight body. The second is to analyze the ease of manufacturing from their processing technology. The purpose is to achieve the most suitable material for the body lightweight.
Key words: Lightweight; Light strength steel; Alloy; Composite materials; Process
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1轻量化汽车研究的背景 1
1.2轻量化车身材料发展状况 1
1.2.1国内轻量化车身材料发展状况 1
1.2.2国外轻量化车身材料发展状况 2
1.3研究的主要内容 3
第2章 高强度钢在车身轻量化中的应用研究 5
2.1高强度钢在车身的应用情况 5
2.2高强度钢在轻量化车身上的应用研究 6
2.2.1从性能上分析 6
2.2.2从工艺及成本角度分析 10
2.3本章小结 12
第3章 轻质合金在车身轻量化中的应用 14
3.1轻质合金的特点与分类 14
3.1.1铝合金的分类及特点 14
3.1.2镁合金的分类和特点 15
3.2轻质合金的应用情况研究 15
3.2.1铝合金在车身上的应用 16
3.2.2镁合金在车身上的应用 17
3.3轻质合金加工工艺分析 18
3.3.1铝合金加工工艺分析 18
3.3.2镁合金加工工艺分析 20
3.4轻质合金可行性分析 22
3.4.1性能角度对比分析 22
3.4.2工艺角度对比分析 23
3.5本章小结 23
第4章 复合材料的应用研究 24
4.1复合材料的分类与特点 24
4.2复合材料在车身的发展状况 24
4.3复合材料对于轻量化车身的适用性分析 26
4.3.1性能上分析可行性 26
4.3.2综合分析复合材料的可行性 27
4.4本章小结 28
第5章 未来轻量化车身发展分析 29
5.1轻量化材料比较分析 29
5.2未来轻量化车身材料预测 30
第6章 总结与展望 31
6.1研究总结 31
6.2未来车身轻量化的展望 31
参考文献 33
致 谢 35
第1章 绪论
1.1轻量化汽车研究的背景
随着国内外汽车产业的发展,人类的工作生活越来越依赖汽车这一交通工具。但是我们在使用汽车的同时,却无情地污染着我们依靠的生态环境。当今,地区污染越来越严重,CO2排放虽然对我们的当前健康无害,但是却造成了全球气温上升,未来地球必将受到影响,我们的生活也将受到影响。更需要注意的是,汽车排放的有害物质直接造成了大气污染,严重危害着我们的健康。
当前,大多数汽车使用的仍是石油这一有限资源作为其燃料。众所周知,石油是有限资源,中国已经在不知不觉中成为了最大的石油进口国,中国的石油超过60%以上依赖于进口[1]。仔细回顾一下,中国连续多年成为最大的汽车产售国。那么,石油进口的增长与中国汽车数量的增长不无关系。因此,汽车燃料的大量消耗是当前能源枯竭的主要原因之一。