摘 要

众所周知中国有着非常庞大的人口基数，政府一直以来十分重视对医疗卫生事业的建设，然而却依然无法满足人民日益增长的卫生健康需求。自2003年以来我国在医疗卫生事业上有了一个高效长远的发展，但是依然存在着例如资源浪费以及产出不足等弊端。经过对各大医疗机构的调查研究发现造成现阶段医疗卫生资源浪费以及产出不足的最主要原因是医疗卫生服务服务效率低下，因此对医疗卫生服务效率进行提升显得十分重要。由于目前国内医院多为非营利性医院，这也就导致了医院具有复杂的投入和产出关系的特点，因此对医院的服务效率评价很难再用一般的经济模型进行效率评价。而数据包络分析法在评价具有较复杂投入产出关系的组织经营效率方面应用十分广泛，通过数据包络分析后的技术层面的改进能为决策者提供重要的决策信息，为解决复杂的投入产出问题提供了一个可靠的方法。因此本论文将采用数据包络分析法对医院的服务效率进行评价分析，并对提高服务效率提供有效的改进对策。

综上所述，为了解决目前医院服务效率低对资源造成浪费的问题，本论文主要研究了以下几个内容：

（1）针对目前国内医疗卫生事业服务效率较低的现状，用数据包络分析（Data Envelopment Analysis，DEA）方法建立适合于医疗卫生事业的DEA模型，基于DEA进行医院的数据分析以此来评判医院服务效率的高低，可以明确服务效率改善的可选方向（包装医疗纠纷、医疗体制、卫生资源的配置、医疗卫生管理体制改革、医疗卫生行业监管等等）可以洞悉当前存在的缺陷及不足，以便更有针对性地提出解决方案。

（2）分别从投入和产出角度基于数据包络分析对医院的服务效率进行综合性的DEA相对效率分析。通过对所建模型的求解得出待评价决策单元（DMU）的综合效率、技术效率以及规模效率以此来反映一家医院的服务效率水平，并通过松弛变量找出影响因素。然后通过计算非DEA有效的DMU目标值，从技术层面找到提高医院服务效率的具体解决方案。

（3）通过实证研究验证了针对医院服务效率构建的DEA模型的可行性。针对我国医疗卫生行业目前服务效率较低的这一现状，通过分析后提出合理的改进策略。对服务效率低下的问题做出一定的改善，以此来适当的缓解医患关系，提高医院在人民群众心目中的地位。

关键词：中国医疗卫生服务；数据包络分析；医院服务效率评价

Abstact

(Words) As we all know, China has a very large population base. The government has always attached great importance to the construction of medical and health services. However, it still cannot meet the people's growing health and health needs. Since 2003, China has had an efficient and long-term development in the health care industry, but there are still drawbacks such as waste of resources and insufficient output. After investigation by relevant scholars, it was found that the main cause of the waste of medical and health resources and the lack of output was the inefficiency of the medical and health service system. Therefore, it is very important to improve the efficiency of medical and health services. Since most domestic hospitals are non-profit hospitals, which leads to the complex relationship between input and output of hospitals, it is difficult to evaluate the efficiency of hospital services using general economic models. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is widely used in evaluating the efficiency of organizational operations that have more complex input-output relationships. Improvements in the technical level after data envelopment analysis can provide decision-makers with important decision-making information to solve complex input. The issue of output provides a reliable method. Therefore, this paper will use data envelopment analysis to evaluate the hospital's service efficiency, and provide useful improvement measures to improve service efficiency.

In order to solve the above problems, in order to solve the problem of the current hospital services inefficient use of resources, this paper mainly studied the following contents:

(1) In view of the current low efficiency of domestic medical and health services, a data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is used to establish a DEA model suitable for medical and health services, and hospital data analysis based on DEA is used to judge. The level of efficiency of hospital services can clearly indicate the optional direction of service efficiency improvement (packaged medical disputes, medical system, allocation of health resources, reform of medical and health management system, and supervision of medical and health industries, etc.) to gain insights into current defects and deficiencies. In order to more specifically propose solutions.

(2) Comprehensive DEA relative efficiency analysis of hospital's service efficiency based on data envelopment analysis from input and output perspectives. Through the solution of the established model, the overall efficiency, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of the DMU to be evaluated are used to reflect the service efficiency level of a hospital, and the influencing factors are identified through relaxation variables. Then, by calculating non-DEA effective DMU target values, a specific solution to improve hospital service efficiency can be found from a technical perspective.

(3) The feasibility of DEA model built for hospital service efficiency was verified through empirical research. Aiming at the current status of low service efficiency in the medical and health industry in China, a reasonable improvement strategy is proposed after analysis. We will make some improvements to the problems of inefficient services, so as to properly ease the relationship between doctors and patients and increase the hospital's position in the minds of the people.

Keywords: Chinese medical and health services; data envelopment analysis; evaluation of hospital service efficiency

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