摘 要

随着改革开放的不断深化，近年来，我国经济一直保持中高速增长，城乡居民收入也随之提高，为实现家庭资产增值最大化，人们的理财意愿日益强烈，于是理财业务成为了各大商业银行的新宠，但理财业务也面临着方方面面的风险，因此，必须认清理财业务风险并采取防范措施，才能推进理财业务的良性发展。

首先，本文阐述了对商业银行理财业务的定义，对我国商业银行理财业务的研究背景进行了归纳总结，简要地介绍了我国理财业务的种类、相关法律法规以及发展现状。随后在本文的第一章对国内外关于理财业务风险防范的相关文献资料进行了汇总概括，展示了国内外的相关研究成果；其次，本文主要是对理财业务的相关风险进行了分类，本文具体从市场、法律、操作以及信用这四个方面来谈，分别阐述了各个风险的定义和主要形成原因；再次，本文针对所提到的四大风险提出了对应的对策，其中包括：加强投资环境分析，提高风险敏感度、强化客户风险评估、建立健全法律法规、完善信息披露制度、强化银行内部风险监管机制、培养专业化理财业务团队、加大理财业务创新，去同质化、做好风险准备金以及加强银监会对商业银行理财业务销售过程的监管避免恶意竞争；然后，本文重点介绍了美国商业银行在理财业务风险防范方面的经验，包括：严密的风险控制、有效的法律保护、完善的监管机制、健全的征信体系以及专业的人才队伍五种先进经验，以求能够对我国商业银行理财业务的发展给予启发和借鉴；最后，本文主要是对本文的主要内容进行了概括总结，指出理财业务的核心是对风险的监管与防范，就是要做好对理财业务中存在的上述四个方面的风险的预防。同时，还提出了一些对未来商业银行理财业务风险防范的展望，认为我国一个建立起完善的征信系统和强有力的内部监察机构，以确保能够全方位地防范有关风险。

关键词：商业银行 理财业务 市场风险 信息披露 征信体系

The risk and prevention of financial business in China's commercial banks

Abstract

With the deepening of reform and opening up, in recent years, our country's economy has been maintaining medium and high speed growth, and the income of urban and rural residents has also increased. In order to maximize the value-added of family assets, people's financial will become increasingly strong, so financial business has become the new favorite of the big commercial banks, but the financial business is also facing various aspects. Therefore, we must recognize the risks and take precautionary measures to promote the healthy development of financial management.

First, this paper expounds the definition of financial business of commercial banks, summarizes the research background of the financial business of commercial banks in China, and briefly introduces the types, relevant laws and regulations and the development status of our financial business. Then in the first chapter of this article, we summarize the relevant literature on the risk prevention and show the relevant research results at home and abroad. Secondly, this paper mainly classifies the related risks of financial services, and this article is specific from the four aspects of market, law, operation and credit. This paper expounds the definition and main causes of each risk respectively. Thirdly, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures against the four major risks mentioned, including strengthening the analysis of investment environment, improving risk sensitivity, strengthening customer risk assessment, establishing and perfecting laws and regulations, perfecting information disclosure system and strengthening banks The internal risk supervision mechanism, the training of the professional financial management team, the increase of financial business innovation, the homogeneity, the risk reserve, and the supervision of the Banking Regulatory Commission to avoid the malicious competition. Then, this paper focuses on the risk prevention of financial business in the US commercial bank. The experience, including: strict risk control, effective legal protection, perfect regulatory mechanism, sound credit system and professional talent team, five advanced experiences, in order to give enlightenment. Finally, the main content of this article is carried out in this paper. It is pointed out that the core of the financial business is the supervision and prevention of the risk. It is to prevent the risk of the four aspects of the financial business. At the same time, it also puts forward some prospects for the risk prevention of the financial business of future commercial banks. It is believed that a perfect credit collection system and a strong internal supervision institution to ensure the ability to prevent risk in a full range.

Key words: Commercial banks；Financial business；Market risk；Information disclosure；Credit reporting system

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 IV

第一章 引言 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2文献综述 2

1.2.1我国商业银行理财业务风险的研究 3

1.2.2我国商业银行理财业务风险防范的研究 3

第二章 我国商业银行理财业务风险的主要分类 5

2.1市场风险 5

2.1.1市场风险的定义 5

2.1.2市场风险产生的产生原因 5

2.2法律风险 6

2.2.1法律风险的定义 6

2.2.2法律风险产生的产生原因 6

2.3操作风险 7

2.3.1操作风险的定义 7

2.3.2操作风险产生的产生原因 7

2.4信用风险 8

2.4.1信用风险的定义 8

2.4.2信用风险产生的原因 8

第三章 我国商业银行理财业务风险防范的措施 9

3.1防范市场风险 9

3.1.1加强投资环境分析，提高风险敏感性 9

3.1.2强化客户风险评估 9

3.2防范法律风险 9

3.2.1建立健全法律法规 9

3.2.2完善信息披露制度 10

3.3防范操作风险 10

3.3.1强化银行内部风险监管机制 10

3.3.2培养专业化理财业务团队 10

3.3.3加大理财业务创新，去同质化 11

3.4防范信用风险 11

3.4.1风险准备金 11

3.4.2加强银监会对商业银行理财业务活动的监管 11

第四章 美国商业银行理财业务风险防范的经验借鉴 12

4.1严密的风险控制 12

4.2有效的法律保护 12

4.3完善的监管机制 12

4.4健全的征信体系 13

4.5专业的人才队伍 13

第五章 结论与展望 14

5.1结论 14

5.2展望 14

参考文献 16

致谢 19

第一章 引言

1.1研究背景

2017年我国人均GDP就己经达到了8790美元，根据世界银行的标准，中国即将步入高收入国家。随着居民收入的逐步提高，其风险承受能力增强，导致传统的无风险储蓄类且收益甚微的金融产品无法满足人们多元化的资本管理要求。对于商业银行来说，传统的吸储方式也已不再具备竞争力，理财业务成为了各大商业银行的新宠儿。

商业银行理财业务是指商业银行通过自身的技术、人才、信息来体现出商业银行不同于普通金融机构的优势，根据客户的资产结构、收入状况以及投资需求，为客户提供专业化金融投资服务,使客户资产收益最大化的财务活动。我国商业银行理财业务分类情况具体如图1-1所示。