论文总字数：18765字

摘 要

社会阶层是社会分工、社会发展的必然产物，从某种意义上来说，清晰的社会阶层分化、流畅的社会阶层上升通道，是社会成熟和健康的重要标志。但是先赋阶层出于自利性考虑，会运用种种手段维护自身的先赋优势，导致社会阶层排他性、固化性日益严重，这已成为摆在全世界各国家面前的共同问题。笔者在研究阶层固化问题的过程中发现阶层固化与教育的公平性，尤其是高等教育的公平性之间存在着互相作用、互相影响、互相联系的关系。社会优势阶层的教育水平普遍高于低层级的社会群体。教育资源与其他资源互换过程中，高阶层的社会群体明显占有优势地位，这种优势在互换结束后又以教育水平这一表现形式反作用于社会阶层分化，从韦伯的“三标准”社会分层理论维度来观察，教育在其间发挥的作用十分显著。

目前，我国社会阶层固化现象正在加剧，这是多方面因素影响的结果，仅从高等教育角度来看，虽然高校扩招从一定程度上弱化了精英教育的背景色彩，但是高校知名度、专业热门度、入学门槛等因素，依旧推动着社会分化加剧和阶层固化，高等教育促进社会流动的功能发挥十分有限。本文的研究重点在于揭示高等教育与社会阶层分化、固化之间的联系，并提出相应解决方案。

关键词：社会分化、社会阶层固化、高等教育公平

The analysis of relationship between social hierarchical system and higher education fairness

Abstract

Social class is an inevitable outcome of division of labor and social development. In a sense distinct social class differentiation and smooth ascending channel for social classes are a significant symbol of a mature and healthy society. To their own benefits, however, advantageous social classes will maintain their inherent advantages in every means, thus adding to the ever-growing exclusiveness and solidification of social class, which has imposed a common challenge for countries across the world.

While researching into the theme of social class solidification, the author sees their is interaction, mutual impact and interdependency between social class solidification and education fairness, especially higher education fairness. Advantageous classes are usually better educated than lower classes. Obviously, they are in a dominant position when it comes to exchanging other resources for education resources, and after the exchange such a dominant position in turn reacts on the social class differentiation in the means of better education. In view of the Three Standards of Social Classification Theory proposed by Max Weber, education is of great significance in this issue.

At present, China is seeing a deepening class solidification due to the co-impact of multiple factors. From the perspective of education, despite the enlarging college enrollment weakening the concept of elite education, factors such as college prestige, choice of majors, entrance qualifications among others still contribute to the intensifying social differentiation and class solidification. Consequently, the role of higher education in social class movement is largely limited. This paper focuses on the relationship between higher education and social class differentiation and solidification, and tries to come up with solutions.

Keywords: social differentiation, social class solidification, higher education fairness

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

引 言 1

一、核心概念及本文理论基础 2

（一）概念界定 2

1.社会分层 2

2.阶层流动与阶层固化 2

3.教育公平 3

（二）本文写作理论根基概述 3

1.马科斯·韦伯社会分层理论 3

2.关于社会分层与教育公平的研究 4

二、阶层固化现状及原因浅析 6

（一）阶层固化现状及危害 6

（二）阶层固化原因浅析 7

1.多种原因浅析 7

2.高等教育方面原因分析 7

三、阶层固化与高等教育公平性的关系 8

（一）高等教育与阶层固化形成的原因 8

1.直接原因 8

2.间接原因 9

（二）阶层固化对高等教育公平性的影响因素 9

1.经济资本 9

2.家庭文化资本 10

3.社会资本 10

（三）高等教育不公平对阶层固化的反作用 10

四、不同阶层家庭子女间的高等教育公平性研究 11

（一）高等教育起点公平性研究 11

1.不同阶层家庭子女的高校选择差异 11

2.不同阶层家庭子女的专业选择差异 12

（二）高等教育过程公平的研究 14

1.不同阶层家庭子女的知识学习的差异 14

2.不同阶层家庭子女的社会实践的差异 14

（三）高等教育的结果对社会公平的影响 15

1.不同阶层家庭子女的升学选择的差异 15

2.不同阶层家庭子女的就业选择的差异 15

五、促进高等教育公平的对策建议 16

六、结语 17

参考文献 18

致 谢 20

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