摘 要

“一带一路”是“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的简称。自2013年国家主席习近平提出该倡议后，获得了国际社会的高度关注，也成为了目前中国最高的国家级顶层战略。

然而随着我国企业对沿线国家投资比率的持续增长，不得不引起我们注意的是“一带一路”投资建设中面临的多方面挑战——“一带一路”穿越地区经济发展水平参差不齐，利益诉求各异、国家间关系错综复杂，中国与沿线国家的区域经贸协定构建和合作水平仍然处于初级阶段。面对投资者与沿线国家间投资纠纷案件的增加，不论是借用已有的国际投资解决争端机制，还是自行设立一套投资争端解决机制，仍需沿线各方认真磋商和研究，以求共识。因此笔者希望通过本文的研究对“一带一路”建设背景下私人投资争端的解决有帮助，同时对中国与“一带一路”沿线国家的经济发展起到促进作用。

本文首先从“一带一路”的战略形式以及私人企业的投资现状入手，对目前“一带一路”战略背景下私人投资者与政府间所面临的投资争端状况及其特点作清晰诠释。从“一带一路”沿线国家对ICSID仲裁制度的适用现状为角度，探讨“一带一路”沿线投资者与东道国投资争议问题适用ICSID制度的可行性。最后从“一带一路”沿线投资争议解决的现实需要出发，对“一带一路”沿线投资争端解决机制的构建原则和具体制度问题进行了理论探讨。

关键词：一带一路 投资争端 解决机制

Abstract

“The Belt and Road” is the abbreviation of“The Silk Road Economic Belt” and “The 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road”. It has gained high attention and even become the highest national-level top strategy of China since Xi Jinping, president of our state, proposed the initiative. However, with more and more Chinese company continuously invest in the countries along the route, what we can’t ignore is the challenges in many ways during the investment and construction of “the Belt and Road”----the level of economic development and interest of region alongside are mixed, the relations of nations are complicated, the construction and cooperation of the trade and economic agreements between China and the countries along. To face the increasing disputes between investor and countries along, all the parties along the route need to consultation and study to clarify together in order to reach a consensus whether they are planning to use the existing dispute settlement system of international investment or to set up an independently one. Therefore, the author hopes to offer some help to solve the dispute of private investment on the background of the construction of “the Belt and Road”, as well as promoting the economic development of China and countries along the route.

This article will start from the current situation of “the Belt and Road ”strategy and the investment of individual enterprise, then clearly explain the present situation and the characteristic of the investment dispute between the private investor and local government under the background of “the Belt and Road” strategy. The next part is a discussion of the feasibility to applicate the ICSID in the countries along the route to solve the investment disputes, from the angle of the present situation of application of the ICSID in these countries. Finally, the last part is about theoretical considerations of the principle and some concrete rules of the investment dispute settlement mechanism through the practical needs of solving the investment disputes for the countries along “the Belt and Road”.

Key Words：The Belt and Road; Investment disputes; Settlement system

目录

第1章 “一带一路”战略背景下投资者—东道国投资争端概述 6

1.1 一带一路背景下私人企业投资概况 6

1.2 “一带一路”战略背景下投资者—东道国投资争端的特殊性 6

1.2.1文化交融过程中易诱发冲撞 6

1.2.2沿线国家政治风险情况令人担忧 7

1.2.3沿线各国法律环境不佳 8

第2章 ICSID对沿线投资者—东道国投资争端的适用 9

2.1 中国对ICSID的适用情况 9

2.2 “一带一路”沿线各主要国家对ICSID的适用情况 10

2.2.1 印度 10

2.2.2 哈萨克斯坦 11

2.2.3 土耳其 11

2.2.4 俄罗斯 11

2.3 “一带一路”沿线投资争端适用ICSID可行性分析 12

2.3.1 东道国与投资者责任不对等问题 12

2.3.2东道国对本国司法主权的保护 2

2.3.3 成本太高且存在程序弊端 13

第3章“一带一路”战略背景下投资者—东道国投资争端解决机制的构建 14

3.1建设“一带一路”沿线投资争端解决机制应把握的原则.............................14

3.1.1整体上把握互利共赢原则 14

3.1.2灵活运用各种争端解决方式 14

3.1.3以各国间投资争议解决实施细则作为争端解决机制的法律基础 15

3.1.4确立以仲裁为主要纠纷解决手段的争端解决机制 15

3.2“一带一路”沿线投资争端解决机制的具体构建 16

3.2.1 磋商对话机制建立 16

3.2.2 仲裁制度 17

3.2.2.1目前我国对ICSID存在问题的应对 17

3.2.2.2“一带一路”沿线仲裁机制建立 18

参考文献 22

致谢 23

第1章“一带一路”战略背景下私人与政府投资争端概述

1.1 一带一路背景下私人企业投资情况

从我国最初提出“一带一路”战略规划以来，沿线国家纷纷积极响应。截至目前，共66个国家参与到了“一带一路”规划的建设，共涉及超过九十个港口、城市，其中重点建设项目多达数千个。在基础设施互相连通的推进方面，中央企业是“一带一路”战略通道和战略支点项目建设和推进工作的主要承担者，具体包括中俄、中哈、中缅原油管道，中俄、中亚、中缅天然气管道，俄罗斯等周边国家的10条互联互通输电线路以及中缅、中泰、中老铁路，中巴哈喇昆仑铁路，斯里兰卡汉班托塔港等项目^[1]。此外，据商务部最新发布的数据显示：2016年1-2月，我国非金融类对外直接投资额达1959.7亿元人民币；其中，2月份的新增投资达到179亿美元，超过去年前两个月之和(174.2亿美元)。^[2]

总的来看，在“一带一路”战略的推动下，政府简政放权，为各企业“走出去”提供了更为适宜的国内环境，境外经济与贸易合作也有了新的突破。