摘 要

随着我国多种所有制经济的进一步发展，中小民营企业对于资金的需求加大，具有金融属性的、非法律承认的民营金融机构开始参与市场中的资金融通活动，也有利地缓解了中小企业在正规金融市场融资难的问题。然而随着发展规模的不断扩大，这类企业开始暴露出自身先天存在的风险，加上货币流通政策的收紧，使得一部分的类金融机构资金链紧张，运营出现问题，一部分企业难以生存下去相继发生企业携资跑路、破产倒闭等事故。这使得投资者利益受损，经济发展也受到阻碍，危害了金融市场的运行与社会的稳定发展。

本文首先通过文献综述总结各学者研究的基础上，明确类金融机构的含义与涵盖范围；并把类金融机构运作模式分为三类，分析其运作过程，同时选取四类典型的民间类金融机构，图表结合分析近五年来发展的规模，了解该类机构发展的趋势；接着通过发展趋势引出这类机构在发展过程中存在的风险问题并进行分类，研究各风险问题扩散的特点及相互影响途径，并运用风险扩散的知识进行理论和行为分析；最后，根据类金融机构出现的风险问题，从内外两个大的方面，选取内部控制、政府监管、投资者监管、社会监督及传统监管机制借鉴五个维度探索类金融机构风险问题的解决，形成统一的、多方位的监管治理对策。以此来规范类金融机构的发展，更好地帮助中小企业解决融资问题，推动我国民营经济的发展。

本文的可能创新之处：（1）在总结前人研究基础上，明确类金融机构的完整定义，并根据类金融机构的范围把其运作模式分为三大类进行统一分析研究；（2）对于类金融机构监管上，把类金融机构内部控制及消费者监督纳入类金融机构监管机制中，形成内外结合的监督模式。

关键词： 类金融机构 发展规模 风险扩散 监管机制

A Study of the Development and Supervision on Mechanism of our country’s Informal Financial Institution

Abstract

With the further development of China's multi-ownership economy, all kinds of enterprises have a greater demand for capital, and non-legally recognized financial institutions begin to participate in the capital financing activities in the market, which also helps alleviate the problem of financing difficulties for small and medium-sized enterprises in the formal financial market. With the tightening of monetary circulation policy, some of informal financial institutions suffer from capital chain tension and operational problems, and some enterprises are unable to survive. This harms the interests of investors, breaks economic balance, and endangers the operation of the financial market and the progress of society.

Firstly, this paper defines the definition and coverage of informal financial institutions. Besides, four types of typical informal financial enterprises are selected. The scale of development in the past five years is analyzed in combination with the chart to understand the development trend of such institutions. Then the risk problems existing in the development process of such institutions are introduced through the development trend and classified, the characteristics of the diffusion of risk problems and the ways of mutual influence are studied, and the theory and behavior of risk diffusion are used for analysis. Finally, according to the risk problems of informal financial institutions, this paper selects internal control, government supervision, investor supervision, social supervision and traditional supervision mechanism from the two aspects of internal and external to explore the solution of risk problems of informal financial institutions, they can form a unified and multi-directional regulatory governance strategy. It can regulate such informal institutions, better solve financing problems, and help China's private economy get success.

Possible innovations of this paper :(1) this paper clarifies the complete definition of informal financial institutions , and divides their operation modes into three categories according to the scope of informal financial institution for unified analysis and research; (2) in terms of supervision of informal financial institutions , the internal control and consumer supervision of private institutions should be incorporated into the supervision mechanism of informal financial institutions to form a supervision mode combining internal and external supervision.

Key words: Informal Financial Institution; Development Scale; Risk Diffusion; Supervision Mechanism

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1选题背景与研究意义 1

1.2主要研究内容与研究方法 1

第二章 文献综述与理论基础 4

2.1文献综述 4

2.2理论基础 7

第三章 我国类金融机构发展模式与趋势 9

3.1类金融机构定义及范围 9

3.2类金融机构运作模式 10

3.3类金融机构发展规模及趋势分析 13

第四章 我国类金融机构发展存在的风险 17

4.1类金融机构的风险产生及分类 17

4.2类金融机构的风险扩散特点与途径 19

4.3类金融机构风险扩散的理论和行为分析 20

第五章 类金融机构内部治理及监管机制 23

5.1基于传统金融机构监管的相关借鉴 23

5.2类金融机构内部风险防范与控制 24

5.3类金融机构政府监管机制模式 25

5.4投资者的监管及社会监督 26

5.5基于类金融机构监管上的统一金融机构监管框架 28

第六章 结论与展望 29

6.1 结论与建议 29

6.2研究展望 30

参考文献 31

致谢 34

图目录

图3-1：民间借贷运作模式 10

图3-2：网络借贷运作模式 12

图4-1：流动性风险扩散过程 18

图5-1：金融监管框架 27

表目录

表3-1：2010-2016年我国小额贷款公司发展一览表 12

表3-2：2011-2016年我国典当行发展状况 13

表3-3：2011-2016年典当行业务结构比重 % 13

表3-4：2010-2014年我国融资性担保公司发展一览表 14

表3-5：2009-2014年我国融资担保业与中小微企业融资贷款发展状况 14

表3-6: 2006-2016年我国融资租赁业发展状况 15

表4-1：风险扩散过程详解 19

表5-1：监管机构职能分布 23