摘 要

我国为了促进少数民族地区发展，采取各种措施培养少数民族大学生，从1977年恢复高考政策以后，于一年后的4月27日国家教委发出《普通高等学校招生暂行条例》，条例中指出有这样三类考生，由省级招生委员会决定，可在高等学校调档分数线下适当降低分数要求投档，由学校审查决定是否录取。三类考生分别是：边疆、山区、牧区、少数民族聚居地区的少数民族考生；归侨、华侨子女、归侨子女和台湾省籍考生；烈士子女。除了少数民族聚居地区的少数民族考生高考加分政策以外，还包括一些奖学金助学金优惠，国家政策优惠等。所以现代社会中的各个高校里少数民族大学生的比例越来越多，这些少数民族大学生校园生活适应情况不仅会影响他们自身发展，而且会影响到少数民族大学生培养政策能否达到预期效果，因此有必要探讨少数民族大学生的校园生活适应情况，并探讨如何提供服务以使他们能有成功、有效的大学校园生活。

本次调查研究以湖北省武汉市高校为例，调查少数民族大学生的适应性问题达成以下研究目标。此次研究主要关注武汉市高校少数民族在大学生活中的适应问题及融合情况，分析少数民族大学生存在的问题及如何改变这些问题。通过对少数民族大学生分发调查问卷的方式发现少数民族大学生的大学适应状况，分析影响少数民族大学生适应性的因素，探索如何对少数民族大学生的大学生活进行辅导和支持，帮助他们获得进步和成功。从社会工作视角研究少数民族大学生的成长与发展有利于更好的帮助其解决问题。武汉地区高校众多，对少数民族地区高等教育支持力度大，因此具有足够的研究对象。

本研究通过对大学生适应与适应性的研究基础之上，站在社会学对适应做出解释，根据少数民族大学生的独特性从文化习俗、人际交往情况、学习情况等几个维度制作出问卷并发放问卷，使用SPSS统计软件工具对少数民族大学生校园适应调查问卷样本进行因素探索，对影响少数民族大学生校园适应性因素和样本作差异研究，并做出进一步分析。

关键词：少数民族；大学生；校园适应；

Abstract

In order to promote the development of ethnic minority areas, our country has taken various measures to train ethnic minority college students. After resuming the college entrance examination policy in 1977, the state education commission issued the " provisional regulations on enrollment of ordinary colleges and universities" on April 27, one year later. The regulations point out that there are three types of candidates, which are decided by the provincial enrollment Committee, who can appropriately lower their scores below the grade division line of the colleges and universities to apply for admission, and the schools will review and decide whether to admit them. The three types of examinees are: minority examinees from border areas, mountainous areas, pastoral areas and areas inhabited by minority nationalities. Returned overseas Chinese, children of overseas Chinese, children of returned overseas Chinese and candidates from Taiwan province; Children of martyrs. In addition to the bonus policy for ethnic minority candidates in areas where ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities, it also includes some preferential scholarships and grants, and preferential national policies. Therefore, the proportion of minority college students in various colleges and universities in modern society is increasing. the adaptation of these minority college students' campus life will not only affect their own development, but also affect whether the training policies for minority college students can achieve the desired results. therefore, it is necessary to discuss the adaptation of minority college students' campus life and how to provide services so that they can have a successful and effective campus life.

This research takes Wuhan university in Hubei province as an example to investigate the adaptability of minority college students to achieve the following research objectives. This study focuses on the adaptation and integration of ethnic minorities in university life in Wuhan city, and analyzes the problems existing in ethnic minority college students and how to change these problems. Through consulting literature, observing daily life and distributing questionnaires to minority college students, this paper finds out the university adaptability of minority college students, analyzes the factors influencing the adaptability of minority college students, and explores how to guide and support the university life of minority college students so as to help them achieve progress and success. Studying the growth and development of minority college students from the perspective of social work is helpful to better help them solve their problems. Wuhan has a large number of colleges and universities, which support higher education in ethnic minority areas. therefore, it has enough research objects. This paper plans to use literature research, case study, questionnaire and other methods to study the adaptation of minority college students' campus life.

Based on the research of college students' adaptation and adaptability, this study makes an explanation of adaptation from sociology. according to the unique characteristics of minority college students, it makes questionnaires on the aspects of learning ability, interpersonal relationship, enthusiasm for participation in activities, recognition and input of major, understanding and evaluation of the industry in which the major is located. using SPSS statistical software tools, it explores the factors of the samples of the questionnaire on the campus adaptation of minority college students, studies the factors and samples that affect the campus adaptation of minority college students, and makes further analysis.

Key Words：minority；college students；

目录

摘要 I

目录 I

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景、意义及目的 1

1.1.1 研究背景 1

1.1.2 研究意义 2

1.1.3 研究目的 2

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 国内研究现状 2

1.2.2 国外研究现状 3

1.2.3简要评述 4

1.3 研究内容 4

第2章 关于少数民族大学生适应的概述和问卷设计 5

2.1概念概述 5

2.1.1 少数民族大学生的特点 5

2.1.2校园适应 5

2.1.3少数民族大学生适应 6

2.2研究设计 6

第3章 关于少数民族大学生校园适应现状的概述 8

3.1少数民族大学生的适应的现状 8

3.2样本频数分析 10

3.2.1文化习俗分析 10

3.2.2人际交往情况分析 11

3.2.3学习情况分析 12

3.3选取几类样本作为自变量和因变量进行交叉分析结果 14

3.3.1以性别为自变量的分析 14

3.3.2以年级为自变量的分析 16

第4章 少数民族大学生校园适应的其他原因分析 20

4.1客观原因 20

4.1.1饮食习惯 20

4.1.2民族语言文化 21

4.1.3地区教育落后 21

4.2主观原因 21

4.2.1人际交流技能 21

4.2.2自我开放性 21

4.2.3学业自主性 22

第五章 提高少数民族大学生校园适应的相关对策 23

5.1客观方面对策 23

5.1.1重视学业修养 23

5.1.2尊重民俗习惯 23

5.1.3以人为本 23

5.1.4开展丰富多彩的校园文化活动 24

5.2主观方面对策 24

5.2.1学生自身方面积极适应校园 24

5.2.2加强对自身的了解 24