电动汽车报废动力电池拆解工艺设计与分析

Design and Analysis of Dismantling Process of Waste Vehicle Power Battery for Electric Vehicles

学院（系）： 国际教育学院

专业班级： 车辆gj1501班

学生姓名： 苏昊

指导教师： 吴孟武

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Abstract

The paper mainly studies the current situation of the electric vehicle industry, the current status of the electric vehicle power battery industry, and then reversely studies the current status of the recycling of used power batteries. The research results show that based on the rapid development of electric vehicles, the scrapping tide of electric vehicle power batteries will bring serious environmental pollution crisis. At the same time, electric vehicle power batteries contain many heavy metal resources. Without recycling, it will be a great waste of resources. Based on the current status of recycling and utilization of scrapped power batteries, this paper studies the dismantling process that must be recycled after the use of ladders based on GB/T 33598-2017 "Code for Recycling and Disassembly of Vehicle Power Batteries". After determining a certain battery model, the writer designed a set of equipment specifically for the battery to cut core. The paper is characterized by a comprehensive study of the emerging fields that are still in the initial stage, and exerts imagination and academic knowledge, and attempts to design equipment that can meet the process requirements. It is a combination of theoretical research and practical application.

Key words: Electric vehicle; power battery; disassembly process; lithium battery; power battery recycling; automatic disassembly.

Contents

Contents 3

Chapter 1 Introduction 4

1.1 Development of the electric vehicle industry 4

1.2 Development of electric vehicle power battery industry 7

1.3 Current status of research on power battery recycling at home and abroad 10

1.4 Research significance 14

1.5 Research content 15

Chapter 2 Structural composition of the power battery 17

2.1 The classification of secondary cell 18

2.2 Structural composition of the secondary cell 18

Chapter 3 Dismantling process of electric vehicle scrapped power battery 19

3.1 Discharge pretreatment 21

3.2 Power battery pack (group) dismantling and Power battery module dismantling 22

3.3 Dismantling security 23

Chapter 4 Design of scraping power battery cutting core mechanical system 24

4.1 Design purpose and requirements 24

4.2 Overall design scheme and 3D modeling of cutting core mechanical system 25

Chapter 5 Summary and outlook 28

5.1 Summary 28

5.2 Outlook 29

Acknowledgement 33

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Development of the electric vehicle industry

Electric cars were born between 1832 and 1839, when the Scottish man Robert Anderson invented a car that used disposable batteries. In 1912, the number of electric vehicles in the United States and Europe was about 50,000, accounting for 40% of the entire automotive market. The fuel vehicles accounted for only 22%, and the rest were steam-driven vehicles. This is because gasoline was quite expensive at the time. Although the price of electric vehicles was relatively high, the total cost of ownership was not much different, and the sales of electric vehicles exceeded that of fuel vehicles. In the 1920s, with the discovery of oil all over the world, gasoline prices quickly fell to affordable levels, and the construction of infrastructure such as roads and gas stations was gradually improved, making fuel vehicles more cost-effective. During this period, electric vehicles have not made breakthroughs in battery technology and cruising range for a long time. Electric vehicles have gradually lost their comparative advantages and gradually replaced by internal combustion engine-driven fuel vehicles. By the 1930s, electric vehicles had basically disappeared.

Fig.1-1 In 1912, the number of electric vehicles in the United States and Europe was about 50,000, accounting for 40% of the entire automotive market.

After entering the second half of the 20th century, the world's largest auto market, dominated by the United States, experienced two oil crises in succession. Due to the excessive dependence and over-exploitation of human resources on petroleum resources, it is estimated that oil resources will be depleted after more than 40 years, according to the current rate of consumption. The 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, and the 2015 Paris Agreement are three landmark international legal texts on climate change in human history. According to the IEA International Energy Agency, the transportation sector contributes 23% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Under the influence of many factors such as the continuous rise of global oil prices, the growing demand for environmental protection, and the positive demand for low-carbon life, the development of electric vehicles has once again been put on the agenda by governments and major auto companies. Environmental factors and policy factors have become important driving forces in the development of the electric vehicle industry. 

Fig.1-2 Environmental factors and policy factors have become important driving forces in the development of the electric vehicle industry.

The global electric vehicle market began to grow rapidly around 2010. According to statistics, in 2011, global electric vehicle sales reached 45,000 units, and sales in 2016 reached 750,000 units, a five-fold increase over five years. The number of global electric vehicle ownership exceeded 1 million for the first time in 2015 and more than 2 million in 2016. After the Chinese government began to subsidize new energy vehicles in 2009 and 2010, the domestic electric vehicle market also began a vigorous development. In 2011, domestic electric vehicle sales were only 8,000 units. In 2016, domestic electric vehicle sales reached 336,000 units, accounting for nearly 45% of the global market share, and surpassing the US to become the world's largest electric vehicle market. 2014 can be said to be the first year of domestic electric vehicles. In 2015, it ushered in a full-scale outbreak of the industry. The main reason is that the development of new energy vehicles in China was lower than expected in 2010-2013, in order to complete the “Energy Conservation and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan 2012”. In 2020, the 2015 target for the production and sales of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles (including passenger cars and special vehicles) was 500,000 units. The government introduced a number of policies in 2014 to further support the development of the industry, such as delaying the decline in subsidies and increasing the list of cities to be promoted, then, the industry has experienced explosive growth.

The large-scale promotion of pure electric vehicles in the market has led to more and more manufacturers of core parts power batteries. As of 2015, China's power battery production capacity has entered the top three in the world, and companies are still planning to expand production capacity on a large scale. Although the power battery has not yet entered the stage of large-scale scrapping, in recent years, its production and sales have increased significantly, and a large number of scrapped power batteries will be produced in the next few years. It is estimated that the amount of power battery waste generated by pure electric and hybrid passenger vehicles in China will increase by 12 to 170,000 tons by 2020. How to eliminate so many discarded power batteries will become an important issue to be solved. However, the recycling rate of scrapped batteries in China is less than 2%. Compared with the rapidly growing electric vehicles and supporting industries, the research process on the recycling and recycling of used power batteries is seriously lagging behind. It can be seen that in the future, the recycling of scrapped power batteries will become an important concern.

1.2 Development of electric vehicle power battery industry

The development history of electric vehicle batteries mainly includes lead-acid batteries, hydrogen-nickel batteries and lithium-ion batteries.