摘 要

在节能环保、治理大气雾霾成为社会热点问题并备受公众关注的背景下，以电动汽车为代表的新能源汽车成为交通领域实现节能减排的有效途径之一。电动汽车在汽车百年发展中历经三起三伏，随着时代的发展和科技的进步，现在在全球范围内已经进入产业化和商业化的初期阶段。推动电动汽车在国内汽车市场普及和发展，是新世纪节能减排的重要方向。

本文主要研究了电动汽车在国内普及过程中的影响因素并进行分析。文章首先表明电动汽车普及的目的和意义，阐述了电动汽车普及的重要性。其次，查阅相关资料，了解了国内外电动汽车普及发展的现状，并总结出目前国内汽车市场电动汽车普及的影响因素。然后通过对比，运用SWOT分析总结我国汽车市场电动汽车普及的优势、劣势、机会和威胁，最后分别从技术和政策等方面提出促进电动汽车在国内汽车市场普及的建议。

研究表明：电动汽车在普及过程中还存在着电池的续航里程不足、充电问题、质保不到位、价格过高，配套充电设施不完善，产业引导和行业沟通问题，补贴和激励机制不完善，消费者的认知缺乏，企业营销策略等问题，只有解决这些问题，才能促进电动汽车在国内汽车市场的普及和发展。

本文的特点在于：基于国内汽车市场的电动汽车普及的影响因素总结，借鉴美日等发达国家的电动汽车普及发展政策，进行了SWOT分析，表明了国内电动汽车普及的优势、劣势、机会与问题，最后提出了解决电动汽车普及影响因素的建议。

关键词：电动汽车；电池；充电设施；汽车市场；普及发展

Abstract

Nowadays, energy saving, environmental protection and air pollution control have become a hot topic which draws social and public attention. Electric automobile, as the representative of the new energy automobile, has become one of the effective approaches to realize energy saving and emission reduction in the traffic field. Electric automobile has gone through ups and downs in its development in one century. With the development of the times and the progress of technology, electric automobile has entered into the initial stages of industrialization and commercialization. The important direction of energy-saving and emission reduction in the new century is to promote the popularity and development of the electric automobile in China’s market.

In this paper, the author studies and analyzes the influence factors in popularizing electric automobile in China. Firstly, the author introduces the purpose and significance of popularizing electric automobiles and elaborates the importance of popularizing electric automobile. Secondly, the author looks up the related information and knows better about the current situation of the market of electric automobile home and abroad and summarizes the relevant influence factor. Thirdly, the author concludes that the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats in popularizing electric automobile in China through the comparison and SWOT analysis. Finally, the author put forward the suggestions on how to promote the popularization of electric automobile in China from the aspects of technology and policy.

The research shows that there are still many problems in popularizing the electric automobile, such as the inadequacy of battery’s endurance mileage, the charging problem, the unsound quality guarantee, high price, the imperfect supporting charging facilities, the problems in the industry guidance and industry communication, and the incomplete subsidy and incentive mechanism, the consumption The lack of knowledge, corporate marketing strategy and other issues. When these problems are solved, the electric automobile can be popularized and developed.

The paper is based on the influence factors of popularizing electric automobiles in China and learns experiences from the popularization and development policy of electric automobile in the developed countries like the United States and Japan. Through SWOT analysis, we can know the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities

and problems of electric automobile in popularizing, and finally put forward the suggestion on how to deal with the influence factors of electric automobile in popularizing.

Key words: electric vehicle;battery;charging facilities;the automobile market; development and popularization

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究的背景 1

1.2 研究的意义 1

1.3 研究的目的 2

1.4 研究的方法 3

1.5 研究的框架 3

第2章 国内电动汽车的普及现状 4

2.1 电动汽车的分类 4

2.2 电动汽车在国内汽车市场普及的现状 4

第3章 国内电动汽车的普及存在的问题 9

3.1 电动汽车电池的综合影响 9

3.2 配套充电设施的建设问题 11

3.3 产业引导不统一 11

3.4 消费者意愿保守和认知缺乏 12

3.5 企业营销策略问题 12

第4章 电动汽车在国外普及的现状分析 13

4.1 美国 13

4.2 日本 14

4.3 欧洲（以法国为例） 15

第5章 电动汽车在国内普及的SWOT分析 17

5.1 SWOT分析理论 17

5.2 优势 17

5.3 劣势 17

5.4 机会 18

5.5 威胁 18

第6章 电动汽车在国内普及的途径和建议 19

6.1 加强关键技术攻关 19

6.2 加快充电配套设施建设 19

6.3 加强企业创新研发能力和产业统一 20

6.4 完善国家相关政策 20

6.5 提高电动汽车品牌知名度 21

6.6 完善企业营销策略 21

第7章 结论和展望 23

7.1 结论 23

7.2 展望 23

参考文献 24

致 谢 25

第1章 绪论

近几年电动汽车在国内汽车市场的普及程度可以说在不断发展进步，但是与传统汽车相比，市场的普及还远不及，电动汽车在普及过程中还存在许多问题，也就是普及的影响因素，这些因素包括电动汽车电池的问题、配套充电设施问题、产业引导问题、补贴和激励问题、消费者意愿保守、企业营销策略等问题，只有解决这些问题，才能促进电动汽车在国内汽车市场的普及发展。

1.1 研究的背景

进入21世纪以来，我国提出了“节能和新能源汽车”战略，政府高度关注电动汽车的研发和产业化。在国家政策的倡导与支持下，我国各地有关节能与电动汽车的产品研发及示范推广可谓风起云涌。
2014年电动汽车生产78499辆，销售74763辆。2015年电动汽车生产340471辆，销售331092辆。其中，纯电动汽车产量和销量分别完成254633辆和24782辆；插电式混合动力车型产量为85838辆，销售83610辆^[1]。
2016年上半年，电动汽车生产17.7万辆，销售了17.0万辆，与2015年相比，分别增长125.0%和126.9%。其中，纯电动汽车的产量和销量分别完成13.4万辆和12.6万辆；插电式混合动力汽车的产量和销量分别完成4.3万辆和4.4万辆。

近几年，国家政府为电动汽车普及发展推出不少的政策和措施：