摘 要

《老人与海》是美国二十世纪著名小说家厄内斯特·海明威的代表作品之一，这部作品于1954年获得了诺贝尔文学奖。对于这部小说，研究“硬汉”形象，冰山理论以及生态观的文章比较多，但从认知域角度研究《老人与海》中的“天人合一”思想的文章尚不多见。本文拟从认知域的角度去解读《老人与海》，分析小说中的“天人合一”思想。

本论文包括了五个部分的主要内容。第一部分是论文简介，主要包含了作品研究背景、研究意义和创新性。第二部分主要讲述了国内外对《老人与海》的研究现状，并对涉及到的认知域理论做了相关介绍。第三部分分析了“天人合一”思想在小说不同认知域中的体现。第四部分总结了认知域的运用对小说产生的影响。最后一部分是对全文的总结。认知域视角下的《老人与海》中的“天人合一”思想的研究，为读者重新认识这部作品提供了一个新的视角，也为《老人与海》的研究提供了一定的参考。

关键词：认知域；《老人与海》；天人合一；

Abstract

The Old Man and the Sea is one of masterpieces of Ernest Miller Hemingway, an American novelist in the 20th century. The work wins Noble Prize for literature in 1954. In terms of this work, researches have been mainly focused on “iron man” feature, “iceberg” theory and ecological view,but there is rarely a paper which analyzes the masterpiece from the perspective of cognitive field. Therefore, this article is going to interpret The Old Man and the Sea from cognitive field, analyzing the thought of “Oneness of the Heaven and Men”in this work.

The thesis includes five main parts. The first part is an introduction, which consists of background and significance of the study, and it’s innovation.The second part mainly talks about the present research situation to the work at home and broad, and briefly introduces Cognitive field. The third part analyzes the manifestation of the thought of“Oneness of the Heaven and Men”in different cognitive fields. The fourth part concludes the effects of the adoption of cognitive fields have on the novel. The last part is a conclusion for the whole thesis. Study on the thought of “Oneness of the Heaven and Men”in The Old Man and the Sea provides a new angle for readers to redefine this work, and a certain reference to study The Old Man and the Sea .

Key Words: cognitive fields; The Old Man and the Sea; Oneness of the Heaven and Men;

Contents

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.2 Significance and Originality of the Study 1

2 Literature Review 3

2.1 Present Research Situation 3

2.2 Theoretical Basis 4

2.2.1 The Concept of Oneness of the Heaven and Men 4

2.2.2 The Concept of Cognitive Field 4

3 “Oneness of Heaven and Men” in Different Cognitive Fields 6

3.1 Vision Field 6

3.2 Audition Field 7

3.3 Olfaction Field 7

3.4 Gustation Field 8

3.5 Tactus Field 10

4 Effects of the Cognitive Fields 12

5 Conclusion 13

Reference 14

Acknowledgements 15

Study on the thought of“Oneness of the Heaven and Men”in The Old Man and the Sea from the Perspective of Cognitive Field

1 Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Ernest Miller Hemingway is an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. His economical and understated style has a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influence later generations. Hemingway produces most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. He publishes seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Additional works, including three novels, four short story collections, and three non-fiction works, are published posthumously. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature, including The Old Man and the Sea, the last major work of fiction by Hemingway that is published during his lifetime. The protagonist Santiago is an old fisherman, driving a boat alone for fishing, ending up with nothing for 84 days on end. He rows further out to the sea, then he finds a giant marlin eventually. It takes him two days and two nights to catch the fish. Unexpectedly, he suffers heavy attack by sharks on his way into the shore when the old man is exhausted and wounded. When he drags his weary body ashore, the sharks have almost devoured the marlin's entire carcass, leaving a skeleton consisting mostly of its backbone, its tail and its head. In 1953, The Old Man and the Sea is awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and it is cited by the Nobel Committee as contributing to their awarding of the Nobel Prize for Literature to Hemingway in 1954.

1.2 Significance and Originality of the Study

As one of the milestone works in American history, The Old Man and The Sea has been studied by quite a number of scholars and researchers. Most of the researches laid particular emphasis on its original writing techniques and symbolic significance. However numerous the articles are, there is hardly a paper which analyzes the masterpiece from the perspective of cognitive domain. Therefore, this article will provide a relatively new angle for people to have another kind of understanding on the work.

The Oneness of the Heaven and Men, which dates back to around the Spring and Autumn period and runs through the Chinese history, has profound influence on the formality of Chinese national characters. The Oneness of the Heaven and Men, as the core of the traditional Chinese culture, has been interpreted through various ways by Chinese intellectuals, such as bringing up their own viewpoints, or integrating this typical eastern philosophic thought with foreign works. Nevertheless, no one has ever integrated this thought with the great work, The Old Man and the Sea.

2 Literature Review

2.1 Present Research Situation

The Old Man and the Sea served to reinvigorate Hemingway's literary reputation and prompted a reexamination of his entire body of work. The novel was initially received with much popularity and it restored many readers’ confidence in Hemingway’s capability as an author. Its publisher, Scribner’s, on an early dust jacket, called the novel a “new classic,” and many critics favorably compared it with such works as William Faulkner’s The Bear and Herman Melville’s Moby Dick. One of the most outspoken critics of The Old Man and the Sea is Robert P. Weeks. His 1962 piece “Fakery in The Old Man and the Sea” presents his claim that the novel is a weak and unexpected divergence from the typical, realistic Hemingway (referring to the rest of Hemingway’s body of work as “earlier glories”). In juxtaposing this novel against Hemingway's previous works, Weeks contends: “The difference, however, in the effectiveness with which Hemingway employs this characteristic device in his best work and in The Old Man and the Sea is illuminating. The work of fiction in which Hemingway devoted the most attention to natural objects, The Old Man and the Sea, is pieced out with an extraordinary quantity of fakery, extraordinary because one would expect to find no inexactness, no romanticizing of natural objects in a writer who loathed W.H. Hudson, could not read Thoreau, deplored Melville’s rhetoric in Moby Dick, and who was himself criticized by other writers, notably Faulkner, for his devotion to the facts and his unwillingness to ‘invent.’” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The Old Man and the Sea)

This great work has raised different voices and the relevant researches never stopped through more than half a century since it was produced. Even up till now, there are still a great many of articles coming out continuously to expound unique interpretations on this masterpiece at home and abroad.

If the words “ The Old Man and the Sea” are put into the search bar as the keywords in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, you will find more than 30,000 articles. Like On the Surviving Logics in The Old Man and the Sea, written by Chen Shidong, as his graduation thesis for the Degree of Master of Arts. The thesis is to make an eco-critical reading of The Old Man and the Sea, to analyze the relationships between human and nature, human and society. By examining the details, the thesis tends to examine the way human beings live in the modern society and how they can live with nature harmoniously.