摘 要

这个设计计算书是相对于武汉理工大学土建学院的土木工程专业的2012级毕业设计选题“河南信阳潢川学校教学楼设计”所做出的一份书面表示成果。此教学楼设计较为简单，为常见的五层混凝土框架结构。

首先是建筑设计的部分，在建筑设计刚开始时，便将已经构思好的几个方案进行详细的对比，进而决定最终采用的方案。在方案确定后，通过查询相关的资料，再确定方案中建筑各方面具体的做法。

然后是结构设计的部分，此计算书手算任务的对象是第轴的一榀横向框架。同样，先是进行比较后选择方案，然后确定该框架承受的各种荷载。其中荷载包括有恒活竖向荷载、左右风荷载以及左右地震作用荷载。进而根据各种荷载，对梁柱板的内力先进行计算再进行组合，得到各危险截面的控制内力，最后再进行梁板柱的配筋计算。

另外，此计算书还进行了楼梯的设计计算。楼梯的设计计算包括了梯段梁，平台梁等各楼梯构件内力及配筋的计算。同时，计算书中还有关于柱下独立基础的设计计算。

在整个设计的过程中，既有采用PKPM软件对结构进行建模计算，又有对一榀框架进行详细的手算。这样既能掌握PKPM软件的基本应用，还能将大学所学的知识进行总结并用于实际，且最后通过将手算与电算的结果进行对比，还能让自己对框架结构的受力特点有更深入的理解和感受，为以后的发展吸收更多的经验。

关键词：土木工程；毕业设计；地震荷载；框架结构；结构设计

Abstract

The design calculation is compared with the Wuhan University of Technology College of architecture and civil engineering, civil engineering professional 2012 class graduation design topic "Henan Xinyang Huangchuan school teaching building design" to make a written representation results.This teaching building design is simple, for the common five story concrete frame structure.

The first is the architectural design of the part, in the beginning of architectural design, it will have a good idea of a number of options for a detailed comparison, and then decided to use the final program.After the program is determined, through the query related information, and then determine the program in the construction of various aspects of the specific practices.

Then the structure design part, the calculations of hand count task object is a transverse frame in shaft.Again, the first comparison is carried out after the choice of options, and then determine the frame to bear the various loads.The live loads include constant vertical load, wind load and earthquake action around about load.And under various loads, the internal force of beam column slab first calculated and then mix, the dangerous section of the control force. Finally the beam slab column reinforcement calculation.

In addition, the statement also calculated the staircase design.The design calculation includes the calculation of the internal force and the reinforcement of the stair member, such as the section beam, the platform beam and so on.At the same time, the design of independent foundation under column and calculation calculation.

In the whole design process, both on the calculation of structural modeling using PKPM software, and on a pin frame of with the hand count.It can grasp the basic application of PKPM software, the knowledge can be learned in college were summarized and applied to the practical and the manual calculation and computer calculation results are compared, but also can let oneself the stress characteristics of the frame structure is more in-depth understanding and feelings, the more experience for the future development of absorption.

Key Word: civil engineering；Graduation design；Earthquake load；Frame structure；Structure design

目 录

绪 论…………………………………………………………………...……………..………………………………………………….1

第1章 设计资料及信息………………………………………………………………………………………………………….2

1.1 工程名字…………………………………………………………………………………………………........................2

1.2 工程情况…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…...........2

1.3 各种等级……………………………………………………………………………………………..………………...........2

1.4 荷载情况………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........2

1.5 抗震参数…………………………………………………………………………………………………….....................2

1.6 气象概况………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......2

1.7 地质概况………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......2

1.8 材料情况……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………….....3

第2章 建筑结构选型………………………………………………………...………………………………………............4

2.1 柱网的布置……………………………..…………………………………………………………………………............4

2.2 框架结构的传力途径…………………………………………………………………………………………............4

2.3 框架计算单元的选取…………………………………..………...……………………………………..………….....4

2.4 框架梁、柱截面尺寸的初步估计……………………....…………….………..………………………….......7

2.4.1 框架梁截面初选（③轴）……………………………...……………....……………..……….…….........7

2.4.2 框架柱截面初选（③轴）………………………..…..………………………………..……………………..8

第3章 计算侧移刚度…………………………………………………………………..……………………………............10

3.1 梁线刚度计算（I=2I₀) ………………………………………………………………………………….................10

3.2 柱线刚度计算(I=I_c)…………………………………………………………………………...............................10

3.3 计算相对线刚度…………………………………………………………………………………………………..........10

第4章 计算恒载作用下的内力…………………………………………..…………………………………………....12

4.1 计算恒载的标准值…………………………………………………………………..…………………………….......12

4.2 框架在恒载作用下的荷载……………………………………………………………………………....…….......13

4.2.1 框架梁恒载的计算……………………………………………….……..………..………………………........15

4.2.2 柱子纵向集中恒载的计算……………………..………………..………..………..……....................20

4.3 恒荷载作用下的内力计算………………..……………………………..……………….......……………….....23

第5章 计算活载标准值……………………………………………………………………..…………………………….....32

5.1 活载的标准值…………………………………………………………...……………………………………….……....32

5.2 框架在活载作用下的荷载…………………………..………………………………………………………………32

5.2.1 屋面和楼面的活载…………………………..……………………………………………………………........32

5.2.2 柱集中力的计算……………………………………………………………...………………………………......35

5.3 活荷载作用下的内力计算…………………..……………….....………………………………………............36

第6章 风荷载的作用…………………………………………………………..…………………………...………...……...43

6.1 计算风荷载的标准值…………………………………………………..……………………………...……………...43

6.2 侧移刚度D的计算…………………………………………..………………..…………………………………….....45

6.3 在风荷载作用下的框架侧移的计算………………...………..………………….……………………........45

6.4 计算框架柱剪力的分配………………………………..…………………………..…………………………........47

6.5 计算框架柱的反弯点的高度………………………………………………………………………………..........48

6.6 柱端剪力、弯矩和梁端的弯矩的计算……………………………….…………………………...............49

第7章 水平地震的荷载作用…………………………………………………………………………………………......53

7.1 计算重力荷载的代表值……………………………….…………………………………………………………....53

7.1.1 计算顶层的重力荷载代表值…………………………………………..…………………………………..53

7.1.2 计算标准层的重力荷载代表值……………………….………………..…………………………….....53

7.1.3 计算二层的重力荷载代表值…...……………………..…………….…………………………………...53

7.1.4 计算底层的重力荷载代表值…………………………………………………….…………………………54