摘 要

随着高速公路的不断建成和投入使用，中国的高速公路里程跃居世界前列。与此同时，高速公路发生的事故发生率也高居世界前列，据相关资料表明，中国夜间高速公路交通事故发生率高于白天，交通部门无法及时赶到现场，原因有夜间视线不清，应急车道被占用，车流量大等等。目前国内对这种情况暂时没有很好的解决方式，大多是对交通常规的宣传与教育。随着技术的不断革新，无人机的制作成本越来越低。民用无人机开始大量生产，各行各业都开始大量的发展民用无人机。无人机的优势明显，它可以短时间内完成一些人们做不到的事情，具备快速开展的能力，但是，无人机在交通部门用到的是就只是去拍摄记录的功能，并没有过多的进行发展与探索。国外则相对成熟。目前在英国，美国等发达国家已经开始发展如何让无人机造福城市，其中之一就是对交通事故的应急处理。在交通部门到达之前，无人机可以提前飞往交通事故现场，进行紧急服务。而当交通部门到达现场后，无人机可以更好地配合应急需求。当然，由于国情的不一样，中国车流量大，单一的应急方式并不适用中国。因此无人机的设计就需要结合交通事故的特点来进行优化。

无人机应急夜间交通事故的需求正逐步增大，如何设计并合理的进行无人机应急协调是目前最需要解决的问题。研究该设计的应用有助于缓解高速公路上的堵车状况。为后续的交通部门救援提供短暂的应急处理，因而大大缩短了事故处理时间, 提高了事故救援效率，做到整个事故服务的流程。

关键词: 高速公路; 夜间事故; 无人机应急; 服务设计

Abstract

With the continuous construction and commissioning of expressways, China's highway mileage has leapt to the forefront of the world. At the same time, the incidence of accidents on the expressway is also among the highest in the world. According to relevant data, the incidence of traffic accidents at night in China is higher than that during the day, and the transportation department cannot rush to the scene in time. The reason is that the night vision is unclear and the emergency lane Occupied, traffic volume and so on. At present, there is no good solution to this situation in China, and most of them are publicity and education on traffic routines. With the continuous innovation of technology, the production cost of drones is getting lower and lower. Civil drones began mass production, and various industries began to develop a large number of civilian drones. The advantage of the drone is obvious. It can complete things that people can't do in a short time, and it has the ability to develop quickly. However, the drone used in the transportation department is just the function of shooting records, and there is not much development and exploration. Foreign countries are relatively mature. At present, in the United Kingdom, the United States and other developed countries have begun to develop how to make drones benefit the city, one of which is the emergency handling of traffic accidents. Before the transportation department arrives, the drone can fly to the traffic accident site in advance to carry out emergency services. When the transportation department arrives at the scene, the drone can better cooperate with emergency needs. Of course, due to the different national conditions, China’s traffic volume is large, and a single emergency method does not apply to China. Therefore, the design of the drone needs to be optimized in combination with the characteristics of traffic accidents.

The demand for UAV emergency night traffic accidents is gradually increasing. How to design and rationally carry out UAV emergency coordination is the most urgent problem to be solved. Studying the application of the design helps to alleviate traffic jams on the highway. Providing short-term emergency treatment for subsequent traffic department rescues, thus greatly shortening the accident handling time, improving the efficiency of accident rescue, and achieving the entire accident service process.

Key words: Highway；Night traffic accidents；UAV emergency；Service design

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1国内高速公路堵车的状况 1

1.1.1现有中国高速公路堵车原因 1

1.1.2分析夜间高速公路交通事故多发的因素 1

1.1.3收集并对比白天与夜间的高速公路事故发生率 1

1.2调查国内现有对于解决交通部门无法到达事故现场的方法 3

1.3小结 3

第2章 现有无人机的状况分析 4

2.1现有无人机的基本原理与优劣势的分析 4

2.1.1现有无人机运行的原理 4

2.1.2现有无人机的优劣势的分析 4

2.2现有无人机的发展趋势 5

2.3现有无人机在交通领域的运用分析 6

2.4小结 6

第3章 现有救援无人机服务设计分析 7

3.1分析国内外现有救援无人机应用与趋势 7

3.1.1国内外现有救援无人机应用 7

3.1.2救援无人机发展趋势分析 7

3.2分析现有应急无人机在整个服务流程的设计 8

3.2.1事故发生情景 8

3.2.2无人机应急机制 8

3.2.3现场事故处理 9

3.3小结 9

第4章 深入应急无人机服务系统，完成应急无人机的方案设计 10

4.1无人机在对比常规处理方式上的优势因素分析 10

4.2概念模型的推敲和提出——夜间应急无人机 10

4.3无人机使用方式 11

4.4无人机服务流程 11

4.5形态的推敲 12

4.6方案设计 13

第5章 结论 18

参考文献 19

致谢 20

2019年6月10日

第一章 绪论

1.1国内高速公路堵车的状况

1.1.1现有中国高速公路堵车原因

随着技术的发展，高速公路的普及，中国拥有私家车的比率逐年上升。加上中国人口基数大，每年在部分重要的高速公路上总会出现大规模堵车的现象。堵车的原因是多样的，有车祸造成的，也有因道路施工所引起的。还有因为特殊天气，如大雾天，雪天等。除了客观原因，还有一些特殊的因素，如每年春运，节假日时，堵车俨然成为一个“景观”。

当然，堵车是世界性难题，并非我国特有，引起这个“景观”的因素是多样化的，所以，要想解决堵车，不仅仅是道路规划，还有其他的因素要考虑，包括整个交通规划。因此堵车的现象不仅仅是一个单一的问题，而是多方结果。