论文总字数：26413字

摘 要

在新的时代，随着现代科技的瞬息万变，人们生活质量的不断提高，电子设备的一日千里，推进了科学技术大繁荣。而生活中的电子产品都不能脱离单片机的这个最小系统，它们都是靠单片微控制器实现对数据的高速化处理。

本文介绍了一种将单片机和传感器技术结合起来实现家用小台灯光强明暗程度的自控调节。通常，青少年孩童不在家长指导下忽视了台灯的灯光强弱，可能造成白天盲目开灯，天黑不知道开灯的情况，不仅影响视力还浪费资源。通过调查与研究，设计出一种智能亮度自调节台灯，用红外传感信号和光敏传感信号来自动控制灯的亮度以及开闭。当台灯检测到人体在周围一定时间并且光照过暗时，将自动打开台灯亮至环境所适宜亮度。若红外感应探头在指定时间内未检测到人在一定区域时，台灯将自行关闭。这样就很好的将台灯智能化，达到绿色环保的目的。该设计使用了手动按键与自动按键，添加模式切换按钮。工作状态为手动情况时，可以通过加与减键调节灯光以及开关，大大提高了智能台灯的适用性。工作状态为自动情况时，除了亮度自调节功能外，还增设了人体感应球，更好的设计出一种基于单片机的亮度自调节护眼台灯。

关键词：单片机； 传感器 ；人体感应； 台灯

Design and development of a brightness self-adjusting eye-protection

desk lamp

Abstract

In the new era, with the rapid changes of modern technology and the continuous improvement of people's quality of life, the replacement of electronic products has promoted the development of world science. Plus electronic devices in life can not be separated from this minimal system of single-chip microcomputer, they mainly rely on a single-chip microcontroller to achieve high-speed processing of data.

This article introduces a combination of single-chip microcomputer and sensor technology to realize the automatic control of the intensity of the light on the small table in the home. Generally, adolescents and children ignore the strength of the desk lamp without parental guidance, which may cause the lamp to be turned on blindly during the day. It is not known that the lamp is turned on in the dark, which affects vision and wastes resources. Through investigation and research, an intelligent brightness self-adjusting table lamp is designed. The infrared sensor signal and the light-sensitive sensor signal are used to automatically control the brightness of the lamp and switch it on and off. When the desk lamp detects that the human body is around for a certain period of time and the light is too dark, it will automatically turn on the desk lamp to the appropriate brightness for the environment. If the infrared sensor does not detect a person in a certain area within a specified time, the desk lamp will turn off by itself. In this way, the desk lamp can be intelligentized to achieve the purpose of environmental protection. This design uses manual and automatic keys, and adds automatic and manual switching keys. When the working state is manual, you can adjust the lights and switches by adding or subtracting construction, which greatly improves the applicability of smart desk lamps. When the working state is automatic, in addition to the brightness self-adjustment function, a human body induction ball is added to better design a brightness self-adjusting eye protection desk lamp based on a single-chip microcomputer.

Keywords: Single-chip microcomputer ; Sensor ; Human body induction ; Table lamp

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 课题背景 1

1.2 课题意义 2

1.3 台灯的发展现状 4

1.4 本文章节结构 6

第二章 台灯设计基础知识 7

2.1 单片机的基础理论 7

2.1.1 单片机的概念 7

2.1.2 单片机的结构与分类 7

2.1.3 单片机的作用 8

2.2 传感器的基础理论 8

2.2.1 传感器的概念 8

2.2.2 传感器的分类与作用 9

2.2.3 光敏和红外传感 10

2.3 调光及护眼原理 10

2.3.1 发光原理 10

2.3.2 调光电路工作原理 10

2.3.3 护眼台灯的护眼原理 11

2.4 本章小结 11

第三章 亮度自调节台灯方案设计 12

3.1 智能护眼台灯方案选择 12

3.1.1 系统控制器的选择 12

3.1.2 显示方案的选择 12

3.2 台灯硬件模块设计 14

3.2.1 台灯系统概述 14

3.2.2 台灯系统框图及原理图 14

3.2.3 总体系统流程图设计 15

3.3 最小系统模块 16

3.3.1 STC89C51简介 16

3.3.2 最小系统电路 18

3.4 LED照明电路 19

3.4.1 LED灯的原理 19

3.4.2 LED灯的特点 20

3.4.3 LED照明电路原理图 20

3.5 光照强度采集电路 21

3.5.1光敏电阻工作原理 21

3.5.2光敏电阻的分类 21

3.5.3光敏电阻的主要参数 22

3.5.4 ADC0832简介 22

3.5.5 光照强度采集电路 23

3.6 人体红外检测模块 23

3.6.1 热释电红外传感器的原理 23

3.6.2 热释电红外传感器特性 24

3.6.3 HC-SR501模块相关介绍 24

3.6.4 人体红外检测电路 25

3.7 按键输入模块 25

3.8 程序语言及开发环境 26

3.9 本章小结 27

第四章 硬件组装与调试 28

4.1 硬件元器件选择 28

4.2 实物焊接与组装 28

4.3 电路的调试 29

4.3.1 调试方法 29

4.3.2 调试步骤 29

4.4 台灯设计对比分析 33

4.5 本章小结 34

第五章 总结 35

参考文献 36

致 谢 38

附 录 39

附录一 元件清单 39

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