摘 要

本文设计的是灌区水位遥测系统。该系统可以远程监控各灌区的水位信息，而不用人为到现场采集信息，节省了大量人力，并且可以根据各站点水位信息，远程对水资源进行调配，从而达到远程监控分配水资源的目的。灌区水位遥测技术的研发使用很是必要。它能在有限水资源的情况下，进行精准的水资源调配和利用，进而减少环境恶化，土地次生盐碱化，具有巨大的生态意义。

接下来是系统总体结构的设计，系统主要由遥测终端，集聚终端，以及无线数据传输系统几部分构成。其中遥测终端的水位测量模块经过多方法比较，采取电容传感器测量水位的方案，该方案投资少，测量数据准确，可以很好的完成对水位的测量。无线传输系统也是经过多方法优缺点比较，最终选取了433MHZ无线通讯模块进行通讯，该方案具有功耗小，花费低，信号抗干扰能力强的特点。

系统硬件设计时，主要包括对系统核心单片机的选取及介绍，水位测量模块的设计，显示模块的设计，无线传输模块的设计。系统核心单片机选取的是型号为MC9S08AW48的单片机，该单片机体积小，功耗低，价格便宜，内置模块多，能够很好的完成系统的核心控制。水位测量模块采用的是电容传感器作为555定时器的外接电容，将水位信息转换为555输出频率，输入到单片机中，能够准确高效的完成对水位的测量。显示模块选取的是SMS0501E3液晶显示模块，该模块功耗低，具有8位数字显示，能够很好的完成对水位信息的显示。无线传输模块，选择的是nRF905模块，该无线通讯模块与单片机进行串行通讯，通信质量良好。

系统软件设计时，编程语言是C语言，该编程语言编程时简洁紧凑、灵活方便。软件设计时主要包含三部分的内容，水位数据采集的子程序设计，数据显示的子程序设计以及无线通讯的子程序设计，进行程序设计前首先先画出程序流程图，然后进行的各部分程序设计。

关键词：灌区水位遥测系统；集聚终端；无线组网

Abstract

This paper is designed for irrigation water level telemetry system. The system can remotely monitor the water level information of each irrigation area, without the man-made to the scene to collect information, save a lot of manpower, and can according to the site water level information, remote water resources deployment, so as to achieve the purpose of remote monitoring of water resources. Irrigation area water level remote sensing technology research and development is necessary. It can in the case of limited water resources for accurate allocation and utilization of water resources, thereby reducing the environmental degradation, land secondary salinization, with great ecological significance.

Then the overall structure of the system design, the system mainly by the telemetry terminal, clustering terminal, and wireless data transmission system composed of several parts. The remote sensing terminal of the water level measurement module through a number of ways to compare the capacitance sensor to measure the water level of the program, the program less investment, accurate measurement data, can be a very good completion of the water level measurement. Wireless transmission system is also through the advantages and disadvantages of multi-method comparison, the final selection of the 433MHZ wireless communication module for communication, the program has a small power consumption, low cost, signal anti-interference ability.

System hardware design, including the system core microcontroller selection and introduction, water level measurement module design, display module design, wireless transmission module design. System core microcontroller is selected model MC9S08AW48 microcontroller, the microcontroller small size, low power consumption, cheap, built-in module, can be a very good system to complete the core control. Water level measurement module is used as a capacitive sensor as 555 timer external capacitor, the water level information into 555 output frequency, input to the microcontroller, can accurately and efficiently complete the water level measurement. Display module is selected SMS0501E3 LCD module, the module low power consumption, with 8-digit display, can be a very good completion of the water level information display. Wireless transmission module, select the nRF905 module, the wireless communication module and the microcontroller for serial communication, good communication quality.

System software design, the programming language is C language, the programming language programming simple and compact, flexible and convenient. The software design mainly includes three parts, the subroutine design of the water level data acquisition, the subroutine design of the data display and the subroutine design of the wireless communication. Before the program design, the program flow chart is drawn first, and then the part program design.

Key Words：Irrigation water level telemetry system；Gather terminal；Wireless networking

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景与国内外发展现状............................................................................................1

1.2 研究的主要工作................................................................................................................2

1.3 水位测量的优缺点.............................................................................................................2

1.4 研究的主要目的及意义....................................................................................................3

第2章 系统设计思想.................................................................................................................5

2.1 系统设计思路....................................................................................................................5

2.2 系统设计原则....................................................................................................................5

2.3 系统总体结构的设计........................................................................................................6

2.4 水位测量方案的选择........................................................................................................7

2.5 远程数据传输方案............................................................................................................7

2.6 本章小结............................................................................................................................9

1. 灌区水位遥测集聚终端系统的硬件设计.....................................................................10

3.1 系统硬件设计....................................................................................................................10

3.2 CPU的概述......................................................................................................................11