电力系统输送能量损耗计算方法研究毕业论文
2021-03-22 22:23:24
摘 要
随着我国现代化脚步的加快,越来越多的设备、设施、服务等方面更趋向于自动化,而自动化的发展不可避免的会需要能量的支撑其运转,现目前我国的主要的能量就是靠水力产生的电能,所以电能的传输就显得非常重要。而在电力系统中一直以来存在着一个很重要的问题,那就是关于输电能量的损耗,电能在进行转换、输送、分配之时,也会产生许多的损耗,在电力行业中输电能量的损耗一般简称为线损。电力行业的快速发展以及人们生活水平的日益提高,导致社会对于电力需求更加旺盛,电力发展的潜力巨大,但是从现阶段来看我国电力建设任务仍然十分艰巨,线路的损耗还是很高。
本文主要对现阶段关于线损的计算方法进行分析与研究,例如:均方根电流法、平均电流法、损失系数法等等,总结出各个方法的优缺点并通过分析得到其各自适用的范围。对于线损在实际电网中的使用,不光是只要知道计算方法就可以,还需要了解清楚并仔细分析实际应用中影响线损的因素,主要分为输电网结构参数与输电网运行参数,通过对这些方面参数的深刻分析与总结,才能更好的提高线损计算的准确性和为下一步降损措施提供依据。对于线路损耗的工作一般包括降损措施与线损管理两个方面,降低线损是供电企业提高经济效应的一条非常重要的途径,而降损措施一般分为技术措施和管理措施两个方面,顾名思义技术措施就是从技术手段方面入手来降低线损率,而管理措施则是在企业经营、人员管理等方面入手来到达降低线损率的目的,现如今我国大部分电网的技术线损率居高不下,影响着电力行业与国家经济的发展,本文主要从4个方面分析其原因。最后一章,本文主要对10KV配电网线路损耗进行了研究,10KV配电网的特点分析和为降低线路损耗的无功补偿分析,并对10KV层面的损耗进行简单地实时统计计算,得出电能传输过程中电能的损耗率。
关键词:线损、线损计算、降损措施、运营管理、无功补偿
ABSTRACT
With the accelerated pace of modernization in China, more and more equipment, facilities, services and other aspects tend to be more automated, and the development of automation will inevitably need the energy to support its operation, is now China's main energy is by water The power generated, so the transmission of energy is very important. In the power system has always been a very important issue, that is, on the loss of transmission energy, electricity in the conversion, transmission, distribution, will produce a lot of wear and tear, in the power industry, the loss of transmission power in general Referred to as line loss. The rapid development of the power industry and the increasing living standard of the people have led to the great demand for electricity in the society. The potential of electric power development is huge, but the task of electric power construction is still arduous at this stage. The loss of the line is still very high.
In this paper, we mainly analyze and study the calculation method of line loss at this stage, such as the rms current method, the average current method and the loss coefficient method. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarized and their respective applicable ranges are obtained by analysis The For the use of line loss in the actual power grid, not only to know the calculation method can be, but also need to understand clearly and carefully analyze the practical application of the factors that affect the line loss, mainly divided into the transmission grid structure parameters and transmission grid operating parameters, These aspects of the profound analysis and summary of parameters in order to better improve the accuracy of line loss calculation and provide the basis for the next step reduction measures. For the loss of line work generally include loss reduction measures and line loss management of two aspects, reduce the line loss is the power supply enterprises to improve the economic effect of a very important way, and the reduction measures are generally divided into technical measures and management measures in two aspects, As the name suggests, the technical measures are to start from the technical means to reduce the line loss rate, and management measures is in business management, personnel management and other aspects to start to reduce the line loss rate of the purpose of now most of China's power grid technology line rate High, affecting the power industry and the development of national economy, this article mainly from four aspects of the reasons for analysis. In the last chapter, this paper mainly studies the line loss of 10KV distribution network, analyzes the characteristics of 10KV distribution network and analyzes the reactive power compensation to reduce the loss of line loss, and realizes the real-time statistical calculation of the loss of 10KV level Power loss rate during power transmission.
Keyword:Line loss;Line loss calculation;Reduction measures;Operational management;Reactive power compensation.
目录
1.绪论 1
1.1课题背景及意义 1
1.1.1课题背景介绍 1
1.1.2电力系统输送能量损耗计算方法研究的意义 1
1.2线损的组成 1
1.3线损率 2
1.4损耗计算方法研究现状 2
1.5本文的主要工作 3
2.常用的线损计算方法及其优缺点比较 4
2.1潮流计算法 4
2.1.1高斯法潮流计算 4
2.1.2牛顿法 5
2.2均方根电流计算法 6
2.3平均电流计算法 7
2.4最大电流计算法(损失系数计算法) 8
2.5等值电阻计算法 9
2.6电压损失计算法 9
2.7本章小结 10
3.电网中的线损计算 11
3.1影响线损计算的主要因素 11
3.1.1输电网络结构参数 11
3.1.2输电网络运行参数 11
3.2配电网降损措施 12
3.2.1降损技术措施 12
3.2.2降损管理措施 13
3.3技术线损过高的原因 14
3.4本章小结 15
4.基于10KV线路损耗研究统计 16
4.1 10KV配电网线路分析 16
4.2 10KV配电网的无功补偿 17
4.3 10KV配电网实时线损统计 18
4.4本章小结 19
结论与展望 20
结论 20
展望 20
参考文献 21
致谢 22
1.绪论
1.1课题背景及意义
1.1.1课题背景介绍
电力系统输送能量损耗计算也就是所谓的线损计算。线路损耗是指在电流在传输过程中经过电阻、电导等用电元件,由于元件本身以发热的方式消耗的电能。线路损耗也包括供电企业在管理经营方面由于人为因素造成的不必要的电能损耗。一般来说线损分为技术线损和管理线损两个方面。其中技术线损是根据接入电网的仪器设备参数和电力系统当时的运行状态,电流、电压等参数的数值,然后经过理论计算得出的线路损耗;管理线损是由于供电企业运营、管理、评估等多方面的人为因素而产生的电能损耗。总而言之,在电力系统输送能量损耗中,最为主要就是线路损耗,线损计算的准确性直接影响着这个电力行业的发展与未来。
1.1.2电力系统输送能量损耗计算方法研究的意义
众所周知现如今的社会是一个现代化的社会,小到个人大到社会每一个地方都用到现代化设备,这就不可避免的要用到电能,如果现在的社会没有了电能的供应,毫不夸张的说整个社会都会陷入瘫痪,所以对于电能的应用和管理就显得尤其重要,在电力传输的过程中不可避免的会带来电能的损耗,电能的利用率不可能达到百分之百,所以对于计算出电能在传输过程中的实际损耗是非常必要的,得到电网传输的能量损耗就能够更为科学的、合理的对电能进行运输和管理,尽可能的降低成本。线损计算的目的就是为了让电能的损耗变低,提高电能的利用率,线损率的降低不光是为供电企业带来了盈利与更多的利润,还对使用电的用户与地区带来了便利,线损率的降低会引起电费的降低、用电量的增加,从而提高国家的国民经济。所以线损计算的方法研究就显得非常重要。线损计算有许多中方法,每种方法都有其各自的适用场合,不能盲目的使用方法去应对各种情况,所以对于线损计算方法的研究就是为了更为合理和科学的去处理各种电能的损耗。
1.2线损的组成
在电力的输送和分配过程中,在电网中连接着各种各样的元件,而这些元件的负荷情况、设备的参数和技术条件,这些方面所产生的损耗,称为技术线损也叫理论线损,是可以通过理论方法计算出来的。
在电力的营销中,由于电表计量的误差、抄表员的疏漏和监管不善造成的窃电等原因造成的电能损耗,称为管理线损。