5,000DWT散货船动力装置设计毕业论文
2020-04-08 15:02:04
摘 要
组成船舶动力装置主要由推进动力装置和辅助动力装置组成。推进装置也称主动力装置,是提供推进动力的成套动力设备,由主机、主锅炉、传动装置和轴系、推进器以及为这些推进设备服务的辅助设备、管系和仪表组成。动力装置设计是船舶制造的核心,主推进装置的选型和计算直接涉及到船舶的营运状况和经济成本。现代的船舶的主机大多数是低速柴油机和中速柴油机,由他来对船舶进行驱动。其中,船舶、主机、螺旋桨的匹配工作是重中之重。 在船舶行业不太景气的现在,性价比至关重要。一般来说,主机的价格很贵,所以对主机的选型必须慎重。主机是船舶的心脏,是船舶中最重要的部分。但是由于主机的噪声很大,并且是使用燃油这些传统能源,所以他环境的污染也很严重。我们在设计的过程中对减少排放的设备进行选型的时候也要慎重一些。
本次论文主要是根据已给的船体设计的已知条件对船舶进行设计。论文开始是对主机的选型论证,得出主机的主要参数,并对主机的型号做出选择。然后列出相关设计依据,根据船型和已知的船舶尺度等参数,确定主机的有效功率,根据船舶的航速,续航力,阻力等一系列条件来进行螺旋桨的匹配工作。然后对船舶上一些主要设备进行计算选型,选定主柴油机发电机组,停泊发电机组等设备的参数和型号,进而对燃油系统的设备进行估算和选型,计算出燃油,滑油的消耗量,确定燃油滑油柜的容积。然后队冷却系统,消防系统等其中的设备进行选型计算,选择合适的型号,然后把这些设备数据进行处理,做出设备明细表,集中反映船舶上的设备的具体情况。最后对船舶上的设备的位置进行汇总,写出对船舶设备位置直观显示的轮机说明书。利用AUTOCAD工具画出4张机舱布置图和1张管路系统图。
本次论文通过对船舶推进装置的计算和选型来合理的分配船舶上设备的具体参数,优化船舶设备之间的联系,减少能源损耗,提高利用率。
关键词:主机;设备;船舶系统;机舱布置
Abstract
The composition of the ship's power plant is mainly composed of the propulsion power unit and the auxiliary power unit. The propulsion unit, also known as the main power unit, is a complete power plant that provides propulsion power. It consists of a main engine, a main boiler, a transmission, a shafting system, a thruster, and ancillary equipment, piping, and instruments that serve the propulsion equipment. The power plant design is the core of shipbuilding. The selection and calculation of the main propulsion equipment directly involve the operational status and economic costs of the ship. Most of modern ship's main engines are low-speed diesel engines and medium-speed diesel engines, which are used to drive ships. Among them, the matching of ships, main engines, and propellers is a top priority. In today's less booming marine industry, price/performance is critical. In general, the price of the host is expensive, so the selection of the host must be careful. The host is the heart of the ship and is the most important part of the ship. However, due to the noise of the main engine and the use of traditional energy sources such as fuel, his environmental pollution is also very serious. We must also be cautious when selecting the type of equipment to reduce emissions during the design process. This paper mainly designs ships based on the known conditions of the given hull design. The paper starts with the selection of the host, demonstrates the main parameters of the host, and selects the model of the host. Then listed the relevant design basis, according to the ship type and known ship scale and other parameters, determine the effective power of the host, according to the ship's speed, endurance, resistance and a series of conditions to propeller matching work. Then calculate and select some major equipments on the ship, select the parameters and models of the main diesel generator set, parked generator sets and other equipment, and then estimate and select the fuel system equipment, and calculate the consumption of fuel and oil. Determine the volume of the oil lubricator. Then the team cooling system, fire control system and other equipment to calculate the type selection, select the appropriate model, and then deal with these equipment data, make a detailed list of equipment to reflect the specific conditions of the ship's equipment. Finally, the position of the equipment on the ship is summed up, and the turbine instructions for visually indicating the position of the ship's equipment are written. Use the AUTOCAD tool to draw 4 cabin layouts and 1 piping system diagram. This paper through the calculation and selection of ship propulsion device to a reasonable allocation of specific parameters on the ship equipment, optimize the connection between the ship equipment, reduce energy consumption and improve utilization. keywords: diesel engine; equipment; Marine Systems; Cabin arrangement 目录 摘要 3 Abstract 4 第1章 绪论 1 第2章 主机选型论证 2 2.1概述 2 2.2设计依据 2 2.2.1船型 2 2.2.2船舶主要尺度 3 2.2.3航速,续航力 3 2.3船舶阻力计算 3 2.4求功率曲线(爱尔法) 5 2.5主机有效功率的确定 7 第3章 主要机械设备估算 11 3.1减速齿轮箱 11 3.2船舶电站 11 3.2.1主柴油发电机组 11 3.2.2停泊柴油发电机组 12 3.2.3应急发电机组 12 3.3燃油系统设备 12 3.3.1油品 12 3.3.2耗油量 13 3.3.2.1主机燃油消耗量: 13 3.3.2.2主柴油发电机组耗油量 13 3.3.2.3停泊柴油发电机组耗油量 14 3.3.3燃油舱容积计算 14 3.3.3.1燃油舱容积 14 3.3.3.2柴油舱容积 15 3.3.3.3主机日用油柜 15 3.3.3.4柴油日用油柜 15 3.3.3.5燃油沉淀柜 15 3.3.3.6油渣柜容积 15 3.4.3.7污滑油柜容积 16 3.3.4油泵及分油机 16 3.3.4.1燃油输送泵 16 3.3.4.2柴油输送泵 16 3.3.4.3燃油供油单元 16 3.4滑油系统设备 16 3.4.1储油舱 16 3.4.2滑油分油机 17 3.5冷却系统设备 17 3.6压缩空气系统 17 3.6.1启动空气瓶 17 3.6.2空压机 17 3.7保船系统设备 18 第4章 主要机械设备明细表 21 4.1 主机 21 4.2齿轮箱 22 4.3主发电机组 23 4.4停泊发电机组 24 4.5辅助锅炉 24 4.6水泵 25 4.7 油泵 26 4.8空压机及机舱风机 26 4.9热交换器及压力容器 28 4.10其它 28 第5章 轮机说明书 29 5.1、概述 29 5.2、机舱布置 29 5.3、轴系 30 5.4、管路系统 30 5.4.1 燃油系统 30 5.4.2 滑油系统 30 5.4.3 机舱通风系统 30 5.4.4 日用海、淡水管系 31 5.4.5 油污水分离系统 31 5.4.6生活污水处理系统 31 5.4.7船舶防垃圾污染系统 31 5.5主推进装置的操纵 31 5.6、操舵系统 32 结论 32 参考文献 32 致谢 34- 绪论
- 主机选型论证
2.1概述
主机是船舶的心脏,主机的性能直接影响其他设备的参数 主机的选型是根据船舶的功能以及给出的船体设计的资料来进行的,对于主机的选型有以下几点要求: 1.主机重量要尽量轻,外形设计应该尽可能的小。 2.对燃油和滑油的要求较低。 3.主机价格比较低 4.震动和噪音较小 5.主机缸数少,行程长,转速低。2.2设计依据
2.2.1船型
本船为钢质,连续单甲板带首尾楼、双层底、具有带球鼻首的前倾首柱、带尾框底骨的钢板焊接尾柱、左右舷舭部设有舭龙骨,单机、单桨、单舵尾机型散货船。2.2.2船舶主要尺度
2.2.3航速,续航力
在5.35m设计吃水和如下条件下, 本船设计航速约为10.8kn:- 设计状态下
- 主机运行于90%额定功率,且有5%的海上风浪裕度
- 船体光洁无污底
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