摘 要

随着海洋经济与世界贸易发展，船舶利用率仍在不断提高。为了保障船舶航行安全，本文从船舶尾轴承入手，根据设计参数和条件，分析船舶尾轴的安装参数、运动参数和工况特性。利用润滑理论，结合润滑介质的特性和结构特点，利用仿真分析得到计算模型，为尾轴承的诊断提供理论依据。由于船舶尾轴承润滑环境恶劣，易导致局部磨损等问题产生，故对尾轴承润滑特性的仿真分析与数值计算对保障船舶动力系统正常运行具有重大意义。

论文以某散货船尾轴承作为研究对象，运用Reynolds边界条件下有限差分法相关理论，通过FORTRAN程序对参数编程，于Matlab中对数值进行处理，并在此基础上通过偏心率、最大油膜压力、最小油膜厚度来讨论船舶尾轴承润滑特性相关影响参数。论文的主要工作及结论如下：

1. 阐述滑动轴承的流体动力润滑理论与其计算方法，着重剖析径向滑动轴承的流体动压相关原理和知识，通过图与计算相结合的方法呈现，对流体动力润滑的基本假设和相关方程进行阐述，为后续计算打下基础。
2. 基于Reynolds边界条件的船舶尾轴承润滑性能分析重点介绍了船舶尾轴承润滑特性数学模型是如何建立的。通过介绍迭代收敛条件中的绝对精度判断准则和相对精度判断准则来阐述有限差分法的求解原理过程。
3. 建立基于Reynolds边界条件下的尾轴承润滑特性数学模型，给定基本参数的情况下考虑尾轴承承受的外载荷，尾轴承宽度，尾轴承轴颈倾斜度和尾轴转速这四种不同工况参数下的尾轴承润滑特性，并编制FORTRAN程序对参数进行编程仿真，并运用Matlab程序对数据进行处理，来得出个参数变化规律对尾轴承润滑特性的影响，最终得出结论。

关键词：船舶尾轴承；动压润滑；雷诺方程；有限差分法；润滑特性

Abstract

With the development of Marine economy and world trade, the utilization rate of ships is still increasing. In order to ensure the safety of ship navigation, this paper analyzes the installation parameters, motion parameters and operating conditions of the ship stern shaft based on the design parameters and conditions of the ship stern bearing. By using the lubrication theory and combining the characteristics and structural characteristics of the lubrication medium, the calculation model is obtained by using the simulation analysis, which provides the theoretical basis for the diagnosis of the tail bearing. Due to the poor lubrication environment of ship stern bearing, it is easy to cause local wear and other problems, so the simulation analysis and numerical calculation of lubrication characteristics of ship stern bearing are of great significance to ensure the normal operation of ship power system.

1. The hydrodynamic lubrication theory and calculation method of sliding bearing are introduced, the hydrodynamic pressure knowledge and principle of radial sliding bearing are analyzed, and the basic assumptions and relevant equations of hydrodynamic lubrication are expounded through the method of combining graph and calculation, which lays a foundation for the subsequent calculation.

(2) The lubrication performance analysis of ship stern bearing based on Reynolds boundary conditions focuses on the establishment of the mathematical model of lubrication characteristics of ship stern bearing. By introducing the absolute accuracy criterion and relative accuracy criterion in iterative convergence condition, the principle and process of finite-difference method are expounded.

(3)Based on Reynolds boundary conditions of mathematical model of end bearing lubrication characteristics of a given basic parameters under the condition of considering the stern bearing load, end bearing width, stern bearing journal inclination and stern bearing speed of these four stern bearing lubrication characteristics parameters under different working conditions, and FORTRAN program to programming the simulation parameters, and USES Matlab to deal with data, to find the parameters change rule of end bearing lubrication characteristics, the influence of the final conclusion.

Key Words： Stern Bearing；Dynamic Pressure Lubrication；Reynolds Equation；Finite Difference Method；Lubrication Characteristics

目 录

1. 绪论...................................................................................................................................1

1.1研究背景和意义....................................................................................................................1

1.2国内外船舶尾轴承润滑特性研究进展................................................................................2

1.2.1 国内船舶尾轴承润滑特性研究发展现状...................................................................2

1.2.2 国外船舶尾轴承润滑特性研究发展趋势...................................................................4

1.3 论文内容安排......................................................................................................................4

1. 滑动轴承流体动力润滑理论及计算方法.......................................................................6

2.1 径向滑动轴承流体动压形成过程......................................................................................6

2.2 流体动力润滑基本方程......................................................................................................6

2.2.1 基本假设.......................................................................................................................6

2.2.2 质点运动方程...............................................................................................................7

2.2.3 连续方程及动量方程...................................................................................................8

2.2.4 雷诺方程.......................................................................................................................9

2.3 润滑方程的计算方法. ........................................................................................................9

2.3.1 润滑方程的无量纲表达...............................................................................................9

2.3.2 计算域的网格划分.....................................................................................................10

2.3.3 有限差分法求解.........................................................................................................11

2.3.4 计算流程.....................................................................................................................12

2.4 中差分形式...................................................................................................................13