摘 要

近些年来，由于航运业不景气导致造船行业危机持续不断，众多问题接踵而至，最终的结果只能是多家船厂纷纷倒闭，能够生存下来的船厂虽是强者但所剩无几，且效益远远不如电子、信息等行业。

随着航空母舰山东号的下水,以及中国船舶重工集团和中国船舶工业集团合并为中国船舶集团，2019年对于自2008年金融危机以来长期处于社会主流之外的船舶行业再次映入了公众眼帘。近些年来，无论是普通群众还是社会主流媒体，对于船舶运输业的看法始终褒贬不一，有些人认为，地球陆地面积仅占29%，而海洋面积则占到71%，船舶运输范围广的优势毋庸置疑，世界各国的互通有无，水上运输承担了其主要角色，除此之外，这种运输方式相比于其他方式，成本低、运输量大等优势非常明显，因此应当支持使用，而另外的呼声与此相反，他们表示，虽然水上运输优点突出，但缺点也不容小觑，由于目前船舶使用的燃料大部分是重质燃油，燃烧后的NO_X、SO_X等产物对环境污染严重，对地球上的生物将造成非常大的损害。

散货船的建造设计分为船体、动装、电气三大部分。动装在整个散货船的建造设计中和节能减排是相关性最大的部分，并且也占据了全船大部分的建造费用。因此本文将对10500DWT散货船的动力装置进行设计，通过了解船舶行业的现在局势和国内外文献综述为切入点，继而通过爱尔法等方法，并以origin 2018制图软件为辅助进行功率估算对船、机、桨进行初步匹配，初步确定主机的型号和螺旋桨的基本参数；然后再进行终结匹配计算，确定船舶所能达到的航速，并对船舶的电站、废气锅炉、燃油系统、滑油系统、冷却系统、压缩空气系统、舱底水系统、供水系统、机舱通风系统等进行计算与选型，在文章的最后进行设备的总结和相关结论的感悟升华，还附有船舶机舱布置图、船舶机舱管系原理图等共五张CAD图。

关键词：爱尔法；主机选型；机舱布置；设备选型

Abstract

In recent years, due to the recession of the shipping industry, the shipbuilding industry crisis continues, many problems come one after another, the final result can only be that many shipyards have closed down, the shipyards that can survive are strong but few, and the benefits are far less than the electronic, information and other industries.

With the launch of the aircraft carrier Shandong, as well as the merger of China shipbuilding industry group and China shipbuilding industry group into China shipbuilding group, 2019 has once again caught the public eye for the shipbuilding industry which has been outside the mainstream of the society for a long time since the financial crisis in 2008. In recent years, both the general public and the mainstream social media have different opinions on the shipping industry. Some people think that the land area of the earth accounts for only 29%, while the sea area accounts for 71%. There is no doubt that the advantages of the wide range of shipping transportation are that there is no need for each other in the world, and the water transportation plays a major role. In addition, compared with the transportation mode of In other ways, the advantages of low cost and large transportation volume are very obvious, so we should support the use of them. On the contrary, they said that although the advantages of water transportation are outstanding, the disadvantages should not be underestimated. At present, most of the fuel used by ships is heavy fuel oil, and the NOx, Sox and other products after combustion cause serious environmental pollution, which will cause very serious biological pollution on the earth Great damage.

The construction design of bulk carrier is divided into three parts: hull, dynamic loading and electrical. Dynamic loading is the most relevant part in the construction and design of bulk carrier and energy saving and emission reduction, and also accounts for most of the construction cost of the whole ship. Therefore, this paper will design the power plant of 10500dwt bulk carrier, through understanding the current situation of the ship industry and literature review at home and abroad as the starting point, and then through the method of ELFA, etc., and based on the origin 2018 mapping software is used for auxiliary power estimation to preliminarily match the ship, engine and propeller, preliminarily determine the model of main engine and basic parameters of propeller; then carry out final matching calculation to determine the speed that the ship can reach, and for the ship's power station, waste gas boiler, fuel oil system, lubricating oil system, cooling system, compressed air system, bilge water system, water supply system The ventilation system of engine room is calculated and selected. At the end of the paper, the summary of equipment and the sublimation of relevant conclusions are carried out. There are also five CAD drawings, including the layout of engine room and the piping schematic diagram of engine room.

Key words: Aierfa; main engine selection; engine room layout; Equipment Selection

目录

第1章 综述 1

1.1 我国船舶行业背景综述 1

1.2 国内外研究综述 2

1.3 本文流程图 3

第2章 主机与螺旋桨选型 4

2.1 引言 4

2.2 船舶给定的相关数据 4

2.3 利用阻力系数法估算船舶有效功率 5

2.4 利用爱尔法估算船舶有效功率 6

2.4.1 傅汝德数与长度排水量系数的计算 6

2.4.2 查标准船型系数C₀ 7

2.4.3 查标准船型方形系数C_bc与标准浮心纵向位置x_c 7

2.4.4 计算设计船方形系数C_b、宽度吃水比并进行相关修正 7

2.4.5 计算实际设计船的有效功率 9

2.5 估算螺旋桨与船体相互影响的系数 10

2.6 初步的机桨匹配 11

2.7 终极的机桨匹配 13

第3章 主要机械设备估算 16

3.1 船舶电站 16

3.2 船舶废气锅炉 17

3.3 燃油系统设备估算及选型 17

3.3.1 燃油消耗量 17

3.3.2 燃油舱柜容积的计算 18

3.3.3 燃油泵和燃油分油机的选型 19

3.4 滑油系统设备估算及选型 20

3.4.1 滑油消耗量 20

3.4.2 滑油舱柜容积的计算 20

3.4.3 滑油分油机和滑油泵的选型 21

3.5 冷却系统设备估算及选型 21

3.6 压缩空气系统设备估算及选型 22

3.7 压载水系统计算与选型 22

3.8 舱底水系统计算与选型 23

3.9 消防系统计算与选型 24

3.10 机舱通风系统计算与选型 24

3.11 生活水系统计算与选型 25

第4章 主要机械设备明细表 27

4.1 主机和减速齿轮箱 27

4.2 螺旋桨 28

4.3 主柴油发电机组 28

4.4 停泊柴油发电机组 28

4.5 应急发电机组 29

4.6 油泵 30

4.7 水泵 31

4.8 船用废气锅炉 31

4.9 油处理设备 32

4.10 空压机和风机 32

4.11 冷却器和压力容器 32

4.12 防污染设备 33

4.13 消防设备 33

4.14 机修设备 34

4.15 起吊设备 34

4.16 其他设备 34

第5章 轮机说明书 35

5.1 概述 35

5.2 轴系 35

5.3 动力系统 36

5.3.1 燃油系统 36

5.3.2 滑油系统 36

5.3.3 冷却系统 37

5.3.4 压缩空气系统 38

5.3.5 蒸汽加热系统 38

5.4 海、淡水系统 39

5.4.1 压载水系统 39

5.4.2 舱底水系统 39

5.4.3 日用海、淡水系统 39

5.4.4 甲板疏排水系统 39

5.4.5 空气测量、注入系统 39

5.5 防污染系统 40

5.5.1 生活污水处理系统 40

5.5.2 油污水分离系统 40

5.5.3 防止船舶垃圾污染系统 40

5.6 通风系统 40

5.6.1 机舱通风系统 40

5.6.2 全船通风系统（机舱除外） 41

5.7 消防系统 41

第6章 结论与展望 42

6.1 结论 42