摘 要

由于有越来越多的颗粒物来自于船舶柴油机的排放，使得环境污染越来越严重，我国环境保护部因为这种情况专门通过了《船舶发动机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第一、二阶段)》(GB 15097—2016)来规定船舶柴油机的排放标准，使颗粒物排放有了完整的一套标准，填补了我国这方面的空白。这极大的改善了我国海洋的环境，但这同时也给相关人员排放测试人员带来了极大的挑战，因此如何完成船舶的污染排放测试以及如何对所得数据进行计算和分析判断是否符合法规所规定的要求是我们所迫切需要解决的问题，本文介绍了试验以及计算的详细过程，对颗粒物的排放测试有了较详细的了解。

本文通过学习《船舶发动机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第一、二阶段)》(GB 15097—2016)上法规对柴油机颗粒物排放的要求和具体的试验步骤并结合实验室的具体的情况选择实验的稀释系统和取样方式等一些具体的实验方式。本试验通过对一台船用辅机进行额定转速的D2循环，然后对颗粒物进行取样和测量，计算出颗粒比排放量，根据最终所计算出的结果，该辅机的颗粒物排放满足国标一阶段的限值要求。

关键词：颗粒；稀释系统；滤纸

Abstract

As more and more particulate matter comes from marine diesel engine emissions, the environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. Because of this situation, the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China has adopted the "Limits and Measurement Methods of Exhaust Pollutants from Marine Engines (China's First and Second Stages)" (GB 15097-2016) to stipulate the emission standards of marine diesel engine, which makes particulate matter emissions have a complete set of standards. Qualitative, filled the gap in this respect in our country. This greatly improves the marine environment of our country, but it also brings great challenges to the emission testers. Therefore, how to complete the pollution emission test of ships and how to calculate and analyze the data to determine whether it meets the requirements of the regulations is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper introduces the detailed process of the test and calculation. The emission test of particulate matter has a more detailed understanding.

In this paper, some specific experimental methods, such as dilution system and sampling method, are selected by studying the requirements of regulations on particulate matter emissions from diesel engines and specific test steps in "Limits and Measurement Methods of Exhaust Pollutants from Marine Engines (the first and second stages of China)" (GB 15097-2016) and combining with the specific conditions of the laboratory. In this experiment, a marine auxiliary engine is used for the D2 cycle of rated speed, then the particulate matter is sampled and measured, and the specific emission of particulate matter is calculated. According to the final calculated results, the particulate matter emission of the auxiliary engine meets the requirements of the first stage of the national standard.

Key Words ：grain；dilution system；filter paper

目录

第一章 绪论

1.1颗粒物的危害

1.2国内外对柴油机的颗粒物排放法规

1.3柴油机颗粒的处理方式

1.4国内外研究现状

第二章 稀释系统

2.1 全流稀释系统

2.2 部分流稀释系统

第三章 试验系统与试验过程

3.1 试验台架

3.2 试验步骤与循环

3.3 试验条件

3.4 试验仪器

第四章 试验数据处理和分析

4.1 试验数据

4.2 单滤纸方法计算过程

4.3 多滤纸方法计算过程

4.4 计算结果与数据分析

第五章：总结与展望

5.1 研究过程和结论

5.2 展望

参考文献

致谢

第一章：绪论

由于船用柴油机有着起动容易、较经济而且可适用于各种类型的船的特点，自发明以来很快就作为船舶的主要动力装置，现在已经完全取代了蒸汽机广泛运用于民用船舶、中小型舰艇和常规潜艇中，现在使用柴油机作为动力装置的传播船舶占到世界船舶总吨位95%以上。而随着船用柴油机的发展，柴油机的排放问题越来越引起人们的注视。柴油机的主要排放物为PM和氮氧化物，排放的HC和CO的浓度较低，本文研究的是限制颗粒物的排放，先通过查阅资料来了解颗粒物有哪些危害，从而了解为什么要对颗粒物的排放进行限制。

1.1颗粒物的危害