船用空压机气阀故障诊断方法研究毕业论文
2021-03-21 21:21:02
摘 要
机械设备运行状态的优劣直接影响着社会效益和经济效益,所以机械设备的状态监测与故障诊断技术也越来越受到人们的重视,而往复式压缩机在船舶上发挥着极其重要的作用,本课题的研究目的就是通过对往复压缩机气阀阀片故障诊断的研究得出对气阀故障诊断的一些方法。本文重点介绍了对气阀故障诊断所采用的时域分析方法和频域分析方法。主要内容包括:
(1)CZ60/30船用往复式空压机为对象,对气阀进行故障模拟试验,分别测取正常和故障气阀在不同工作压力下的缸盖表面振动加速度信号,并对其进行时域分析。时域分析结果表明:当气阀发生故障时,缸盖振动信号的有效值和平均幅值会减小。
(2)不同工作压力下的缸盖表面振动加速度信号进行频域分析,频域分析结果表明:气阀振动信号频谱分布范围较宽,没有明显的特征频率和频带分布差异。
(3)总结对于气阀故障诊断的研究结果,概括了气阀故障诊断技术的发展动向及应用。
关键词:往复式空压机;气阀故障诊断技术;时域分析方法;时频分析方法 Abstract
Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has made rapid development, socialization of large-scale production and production of modern machinery and equipment in the proportion of state-owned assets in the growing. Needless to say, the mechanical equipment is running State of the pros and cons of a direct impact on social and economic benefits, so the status of mechanical equipment monitoring and fault diagnosis Technology more and more attention has been paid, and reciprocating compressors play an extremely important role in the ship, purpose of the study is the study of fault diagnosis of reciprocating compressor valve and valve failure on the draw Some of the methods of diagnosis. This paper focuses on the time domain analysis method and frequency domain analysis method used in fault diagnosis of air valve. The main contents include:
(1)select CZ60 / 30 marine reciprocating air compressor as the object, the valve for failure simulation test, respectively, the normal and fault valve at different working pressure under the cylinder head surface vibration acceleration signal, and its Domain analysis. The results of time domain analysis show the effective and average amplitude of the vibration signal of the cylinder head are reduced when the valve is faulty.
(2) The frequency domain analysis of the vibration signal of the cylinder head under different working pressures is carried out. The frequency domain analysis results show that the spectral distribution of the vibration signal of the valve is wide and there is no obvious difference between the characteristic frequency and the frequency distribution.
(3) Summarize and summarize the development of valve fault diagnosis technology and summarize the development trend and application of valve fault diagnosis technology.
Key words: Reciprocating air compressor; Valve fault diagnosis technology; Time domain analysis method; Time-frequency analysis meth
目 录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1研究目的与意义 1
1.2国内外发展和研究现状 1
1.3研究内容 2
1.4本章小结 2
第二章 时域分析法 3
2.1时域分析法和时域特征参数 3
2.2本章小结 4
第三章 频域分析方法 5
3.1频域分析法的介绍 5
3.2 本章小结 6
第四章 对空压机气阀进行试验研究 7
4.1空压机结构参数 7
4.2气阀结构和阀片故障形式 8
4.3测试系统布置和试验流程 9
4.4测试信号的时域和频谱分析 10
4.4.1实测信号时域分析 10
4.4.2实测信号的频谱分析 15
4.5本章小结 16
第五章 时频分析方法 17
5.1短时傅立叶变换 17
5.2维格纳-威尔(Winger-Ville)分布 18
第6章 结论与展望 20
6.1结论 20
6.2展望 20
参考文献 21
致谢 23
第一章 绪论
1.1研究目的与意义
往复式空气压缩机在船舶上有着重要的应用,是必不可少的辅助机械装置[1]。由于其排气压力高、气密性好。气阀是往复式空气压缩机的重要零部件,但气阀却是极易损坏的,因为气阀在工作过程中会遭到反复的冲击还有摩擦,在这种情况下气阀很容易磨损或者开裂,使排气压力大大降低,如果问题得不到尽快解决,将使船舶无法正常航行。
为了使往复式空气压缩机以最大时间处于安全运行状态,对气阀的连续或间歇监测必不可少,如果检测到气阀的运行状态发生异常,则运用故障诊断技术对空压机进行故障诊断与评估,不仅可以对危险进行有效预防,还可以及时地向维修人员提供何时维修、维修何处等维修决策,大大缩短维修停机时间,进而不仅可以提高个人利益还可以节约社会成本,使社会工作效率提高[2]。