摘 要

柴油机的应用领域包括农业、工业、交通。国防建设等等，随着经济的高速发展，人们对柴油机的性能有着更高的要求，柴油机的发展趋势也向着“高速化，高功率”前进，因此经济发展趋势要求柴油机在拥有更好的稳定性，可靠性的同时也要有更长的使用寿命与更高的经济效益，这些对柴油机的研究与发展提供了机遇与挑战。

配气机构是柴油机的核心组成部件，柴油机的工作稳定性，可靠性，经济性等其他特性与柴油机的配气机构的设计有着密不可分的关系，凸轮型线的好坏关系到柴油机配气机构的工作性能的好坏，这就对设计柴油机的型线提出了更高的要求。通过使用AVL-Tycon模拟软件构建柴油机的仿真模型，对柴油机进行动力学与运动学分析，从而得出柴油机配气机构所需要改进的部分。这是现今研究配气机构的主要手段之一。

论文在查阅大量与柴油机配气机构设计与优化有关的文献、报刊、专利的前提下，较为完善的总结了现今配气机构的研究现状，以及国内外的技术发展情况。查找资料，得到柴油机配气机构的图性，简化Z170柴油的配气机构图，输入具体各个机构部件的参数。通过学习使用AVL-Tycon软件，建立Z170柴油机配气机构的仿真模型，对仿真模型进行运动学与动力学的计算与分析。得到170柴油机的特性曲线图，并以此为基础，分析柴油机的工作特性，得到在设计柴油机配气机构时出现的误差，为柴油机的优化提供理论依据。

本文的主要内容：

第二章首先阐述了凸轮设计的基本思路以及设计准则，然后讨论了配气机构的动力学计算模型：比如单质量模型，双质量模型，自由度模型与有限元模型。然后基于这些模型为接下来的建立仿真模型，研究凸轮的运动规律以及优化处理确立理论依据。

第三章介绍了AVL-Tycon的软件功能与Z170柴油机的主要技术参数，通过查阅资料得到Z170与8170机构的运动学模模型，使用软件得到柴油机的仿真模型，详尽的描述了模块参考数值的获得路径和输入，为接下来的运动学模拟软件计算打下了坚实的基础。

第四章通使用AVL TYCON软件建立Z170与8170柴油机的的气门机构的仿真模型，输入Z170,8170柴油机的凸轮转动角度与挺柱升程的数据表格，得到仿真模型的运动学特性曲线，分析比较二者特性曲线，从而得出Z170柴油机的型线设计中存在的问题，为之后的改进提供依据。

关键词：柴油机配气机构，凸轮型线，配气机构的运动学分析，优化设计

Abstract

Diesel engine applications include agriculture, industry, transportation. National defense construction, and so on, with the rapid economic development, people have a higher performance requirements of diesel engines, diesel engine development trend toward the "high-speed, high-power" forward, so the economic development trend requires diesel engine in a better stability Reliability, but also have a longer life and higher economic efficiency, these research and development of diesel engines to provide opportunities and challenges.

Valve mechanism is the core components of the diesel engine, diesel engine work stability, reliability, economy and other characteristics of the diesel engine with the design of the valve is inextricably linked, with the gas cam profile is good or bad affect the diesel engine with Gas mechanism of the performance of good or bad, which on the design of the diesel engine profile made a higher demand. Through the use of AVL-Tycon simulation software to build a diesel engine simulation model, the diesel engine dynamics and kinematics analysis, diesel engine valve to get the necessary part of the improvement. This is one of the main means of researching gas distribution agencies today.

Based on the literature, newspaper and patent related to the design and optimization of diesel engine gas distribution mechanism, this paper summarizes the research status of current valve train and the development of technology at home and abroad. Find the data, get the diesel engine gas distribution mechanism of the figure, simplify the Z170 diesel valve train diagram, enter the specific parts of the various components of the parameters. Through the study of AVL-Tycon software, the simulation model of Z170 diesel engine valve train was established, and the kinematics and dynamics of the simulation model were calculated and analyzed. The characteristics of the diesel engine are analyzed, and the working characteristics of the diesel engine are analyzed. The error of the diesel engine is given, which provides the theoretical basis for the optimization of the diesel engine.

The main contents of this paper:

In the second chapter, the basic idea and design criterion of cam design are expounded, and then the dynamic calculation model of valve train is discussed. For example, single mass model, double mass model, DOF model and finite element model are discussed. Then, based on these models, the simulation model is established, and the motion law of the cam and the optimization process are established to establish the theoretical basis.

The third chapter introduces the software function of AVL-Tycon and the main technical parameters of Z170 diesel engine. The kinematics model and kinetic model of the mechanism are obtained by referring to the data. The simulation model of diesel engine is obtained by software, and the reference value of module is described in detail Path and input, for the next model software to lay a solid foundation.

In the fourth chapter,The simulation model of the valve mechanism of Z170 and 8170 diesel engine is established by AVL TYCON software. The kinematic characteristic curve of the simulation model is obtained by inputting the data table of cam rotation angle and tappet lift of Z170 and 8170 diesel engine. The characteristics of the two curves, Z170 diesel engine obtained in the design of the existing problems, after the improvement to provide the basis.

Keywords: Diesel Engine Valve Train 、Cam profile Kinematical Analysis of Valve Train

Optimized design.

第1章 绪论

1.1选题背景及意义

柴油机广泛应用在军工，交通运输以及农业上。随着柴油机的快速发展柴油机的"高功率、高速化”成为未来发展趋势，这对柴油机及相关机构的性能提出了更高的要求，而气门机构是柴油机的重要组成部分。气门机构对发动机的性能有决定性的影响^[2][3]。

1.2配气机构概述

1.2.1配气机构技术现状

世纪90年代中期，为了实现小差分多电平相位调制，研制了一种带谐波齿轮传动的变凸轮相位机构^[15]。2009年长城公司也成功地研发出具有自主知识产权的VVT发动机 GW4G15，并且正式上市。长城的这款 VVT 发动机运用了许多国际先进技术，改善了发动机的许多性能指标，像油耗、排放、最大功率和转矩等。可变配气相位在当今已成为新的发展方向。可变气门正时技术可广泛应用于汽油机和柴油机，特别适用于多凸轮轴发动机。

1.2.2配气凸轮轴结构形式

1. 可变气门正时配气机构

世纪90年代中期，为了实现小差分多电平相位调制，研制了一种带谐波齿轮传动的变凸轮相位机构^[15]。2009年长城公司也成功地研发出具有自主知识产权的VVT发动机 GW4G15， VVT 发动机运用了许多国际先进技术，改善了发动机的许多性能指标，像油耗、排放、最大功率和转矩等^[16]。

可变配气相位在当今已成为新的发展方向。可变气门正时技术可广泛应用于汽油机和柴油机，特别适用于多凸轮轴发动机。

（2）多气门配气机构

改善气门传动机构的关键是如何提供更多的新鲜空气，增加阀门的数量是增加流量面积和增加充气系数的最有效方法之一。如果用两个进气阀代替一个进气阀，流量横截面增加了30% - 35%，这可以大大提高膨胀系数和增加内燃机的功率。多气门内燃机也可以减少燃料消耗和减少排放，因此多气门内燃机具有两气门内燃机无可比拟的优点。。世界各国的汽车内燃机制造业都将转向多气门内燃机的制造。多气门配气方式是内燃机配气机构发展的必然趋势^[17]。

（3）顶置凸轮轴式配气机构