管壳式换热器性能试验台架设计研究毕业论文
2021-03-13 23:13:43
摘 要
在各种工业换热器中,管壳式换热器因其独特的特点应用最广泛。管壳式换热器虽不是最优的选择,但因为其可靠性强,用材广泛,易于拆卸检修,故一直是各种工业产品的首选。随着现在以节能减排为基础的发展,换热器的强化传热一直都是行业的最终目标。
本文首先介绍了管壳式换热器的基本特征与优势,主要采用等雷诺数法对换热器的传热性能进行研究,并对换热器的各种性能试验进行对比,进而设计出一种有关管壳式换热器的性能试验台架。
管壳式换热器是目前运用最为普遍的一种换热器。它包括:固定管板式换热器、U 型管壳式换热器、带膨胀节式换热器、浮头式换热器、分段式换热器、套管式换热器等。管壳式换热器由管束、管箱、壳体等主要元件构成。管束是管壳式换热器的主要部分,其中换热管作为导热元件,决定换热器的热力性能。另一个对换热器热力性能有较大影响的基本元件是折流板(或折流杆)。管箱和壳体主要决定管壳式换热器的承压能力及操作运行的安全可靠性。
关键词:等雷诺数法 管壳式换热器 性能计算 传热系数 阻力系数
Abstract
In a variety of industrial heat ex-changer, shell and tube heat ex-changer because of its unique characteristics of the most widely used. Shell and tube heat ex-changer is not the best choice, but because of its strong reliability, wide material, easy to dismantle maintenance, it has been the first choice for a variety of industrial products. With the current energy-saving emission reduction based on the development of heat ex-changer heat transfer has always been the ultimate goal of the industry.
In this paper, the basic characteristics and advantages of shell-and-tube heat ex-changers are introduced. The heat transfer performance of heat ex-changers is studied by Reynolds number method, and the performance tests of heat ex-changers are compared. Performance test bench for shell and tube heat ex-changers.
Shell and tube heat ex-changer is currently the most widely used a heat ex-changer. It includes: fixed tube plate heat ex-changer, U-type shell and tube heat ex-changer, with expansion of the heat ex-changer, floating head heat ex-changer, sub-type heat ex-changer, casing heat ex-changer. Shell and tube heat ex-changer from the tube box, shell, tube bundle and other major components. Tube bundle is the core of shell and tube heat ex-changer, in which the heat transfer tube as a thermal element to determine the thermal performance of the heat ex-changer. Another basic element that has a greater effect on the thermal performance of the heat ex-changer is the baffle (or baffle). The box and the shell mainly determine the pressure and capacity of the shell and tube heat ex-changer and the safe and reliable operation and operation.
Key words:Reynolds number method Design of Shell and Tube Heat ex-changer
Performance calculation heat transfer coefficient resistance coefficient
目 录
管壳式换热器性能试验台架设计 I
摘 要 I
Abstract II
绪 论 1
1.1 研究目标的背景与意义 1
1.2 换热器的基本介绍 1
1.3 国内外研究现状 4
2 试验台架分析 6
2.1试验台架 6
2.2性能试验台架设计 7
3 数据分析 9
3.1传热计算 9
3.2对数平均温差计算 9
3.3壳管式换热器传热系数K值计算 12
3.4流体流速的选择 13
3.5壳管式换热器壳程结构与相关计算公式 14
3.6总传热系数计算 15
(1)热流量及平均传热温差 15
(2)冷却水用量(忽略热损失) 15
(3)总传热系数K 15
(4)估算换热面积 16
3.7工艺结构尺寸 16
3.8系数核算 16
4设备的确定 19
5 实验分析 22
6 结论与展望 26
致 谢 27
参 考 文 献 28
绪 论
换热器性能试验广泛采用等雷诺数法和威尔逊分离系数法。这些方法需测量各种不同的冷、热得流体流量、不同冷、流体进出口的温度及压力下的各种数据,并对这些数据进行数学分析出换热器的传热和阻力特性。而这些数据必须建立在换热器性能实验台架的搭建上进行测量并分析得出。
1.1 研究目标的背景与意义
科学的不断进步,都是随着工业的各种累积慢慢进步,而工业也离不开能源。工业发展需要足够的能源。随着近年来的科技发展不断,各种高科技产品层出不穷,对能源的需求量也是不断增加。故现在能源短缺问题十分严重。
换热器是一种能进行热传递的设备,是一种能提供场所给两种不同温度下的流体进行热交换的设备,常用在关键的流体的加热或冷却,以及单相或多相流体的蒸发或冷凝中。它能在不改变现有工艺情况下,对余热进行回收利用,节约能源的设备。