摘 要

汽车是现代生活中主要的一种交通运输工具，也是社会资源的消耗大户和大气的主要污染源之一。我国作为当今世界上最大的汽车制造国，汽车生产制造企业数量多，资源及能源的消耗量大，实现汽车生产制造过程中节能减排势在必行。以节能减排为目标，改善或升级汽车制造工艺，提高生产效率，是汽车产业发展的热点，也是社会可持续发展的需求。

本文主要从汽车零部件先进制造工艺角度，研究并探讨了实现汽车制造节能减排的方案。首先，结合汽车制造业的国内外现状，指出我国汽车制造业必须加快实现节能减排。其次，从汽车制造过程中能耗较大、污染较为严重的冲压工艺、焊接工艺和涂装工艺着手，分析研究了包括电磁成型技术、增材制造技术、超音速火焰喷涂技术等先进汽车制造工艺的工作原理、技术特点及其应用前景。最后，在分析先进制造工艺工作原理和技术特点的基础上，与传统制造工艺进行比较并指出其优势所在。

研究成果表明：传统的汽车制造工艺存在能耗高、污染严重等问题，不符合可持续发展的要求；大量开发应用先进制造工艺不仅能够带来显著的节能减排效果,同时在提高生产效率和企业利益等方面也具有优势，是实现汽车产业升级与可持续发展的有效措施。

本文的特色在于：在较为系统的分析和概述先进汽车制造工艺的发展方向的基础上，结合生产实际，从工作原理和技术特点上对先进节能减排制造工艺展开研究，提出了实现汽车制造业可持续发展的建议。

关键词：先进制造工艺；汽车制造；节能减排；技术升级

Abstract

Automobile is a major transportation vehicle in people′s modern life, but also deems to be big energy users of social resources and one of the main sources of atmosphere pollution. China, as the world's largest automobile manufacturing country, has many automobile manufacturing enterprises, and expends huge resources and energy is, so it is imperative to achieve the energy-saving emission reduction during automobile manufacturing process. Energy-saving emission reduction is taken as the goal to upgrade the car manufacturing process for improving production efficiency, which is becoming a focus on the development of the automotive industry. It is also turning into a need of sustainable development for society.

This article mainly studied the automobile manufacturing energy-saving emission reduction program based on auto parts advanced manufacturing technology. First of all, combined with the automobile manufacturing industry at home and abroad, it was pointed out that China's automobile manufacturing industry must accelerate to realize the energy-saving emission reduction. Secondly, it investigated the working principle, technical characteristics and application prospect of advanced automobile manufacturing technology including electromagnetic forming technology, additive manufacturing technology, supersonic flame spraying technology and so on, according to the stamping process, welding process and coating process with large energy consumption and serious pollution in automobile manufacturing process. T Finally, its advantages were pointed out based on the analysis of the working principle and technical characteristics of the advanced manufacturing process and comparision with the traditional manufacturing process.

The research results showed that the traditional automobile manufacturing process did not meet the requirements of sustainable development because of having the problems such as high energy consumption and serious pollution. The development and application of advanced manufacturing technology not only can bring about significant energy saving and emission reduction effect, but also can improve the production efficiency and business interests, which is an effective measure to achieve the upgrading of the automotive industry and sustainable development.

The characteristics of this paper are as follows. This paper studied the advanced energy saving and emission reduction manufacturing technology on the basis of summarizing the development direction of advanced automobile manufacturing process, and analyzing the working principle and technical characteristics combining with the actual production practice. And then some suggestions were put forward to realize of sustainable development in automobile manufacturing industry.

Key words：Advanced manufacturing technology; Automobile manufacturing; Energy saving and emission reduction; Technology upgrading

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1课题研究的背景与意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

1.3研究的主要内容 2

第2章 先进冲压工艺与节能减排 4

2.1无废料冲裁技术 4

2.2内高压成型技术 5

2.3电磁成型技术 7

2.4本章小结 8

第3章 先进焊接工艺与节能减排 9

3.1增材制造技术 9

3.1.1增材制造技术的背景与发展 9

3.1.2增材制造技术的原理与分类 9

3.1.3几种增材制造技术的简介 10

3.2搅拌摩擦焊技术 13

3.3自动化焊接技术 15

3.4本章小结 16

第4章 先进涂装工艺与节能减排 17

4.1节能减排型涂料 17

4.2热喷涂节能减排技术 18

4.2.1等离子喷涂技术 19

4.2.2超音速火焰喷涂 19

4.3转化膜节能减排技术 20

4.3.1磷化技术 20

4.3.2钝化技术 21

4.4电镀节能减排技术 23

4.4.1先进电镀工艺 23

4.4.2电镀废水处理方法 23

4.5本章小结 24

第5章 主要结论与展望 26

5.1主要结论 26

5.2研究展望 27

参考文献 28

致谢 30

第1章 绪论

1.1课题研究的背景与意义

汽车是现代生活中主要的一种交通运输工具，人类的社会生活已经离不开汽车，但是从生产制造到使用的过程中，汽车会消耗大量的社会资源消耗并排放大量污染物及温室气体。当今社会，节能减排已成为全世界为谋求生存环境和社会经济可持续发展的共同课题，伴随着中国经济的高速发展，中国已成为全球最大的汽车制造国，实现汽车生产制造过程中的节能减排已迫在眉睫。近几年，伴随着我国汽车工业的飞速发展，我国汽车制造及其配套技术得到了一定的进步，与国际领先水平的差距正逐渐缩小，但节能减排新工艺与新技术的应用水平与行业的领头者仍有明显差距。

中国的汽车生产制造企业众多，消耗的资源及能源庞大，各企业之间生产制造技术、工艺水平、所选设备和材料差别巨大，能耗和排放水平也参差不齐。部分汽车制造企业节能减排水平已达到国际领先，但仍然有一些企业沿用传统的生产制造工艺、设备，使用造成污染较严重的生产材料，这并不符合节能减排的要求。因此，汽车制造业必须加快节能减排的自身改造，从传统制造工艺升级或引进新技术入手，将节能减排渗透到汽车生产制造的各个环节中。