基于冠层结构的双向仿形喷药机设计文献综述
2022-01-07 22:24:45
全文总字数:8292字
基于冠层结构的双向仿形喷雾机
摘要:一直以来,病虫害问题都影响着世界各国,随着果树种植面积和产量的逐年增加,传统的果树病虫害防治装备与技术消耗大,但防治效果差,对环境的污染严重,已经不能满足生产需求,引起了大家的高度关注。针对这些问题,喷雾机的改良尤为重要,仿形喷雾应运而生。仿形喷雾机效率高,污染少,可以有效防治病虫害。本文讲述了仿形喷雾机的研究进展,从基于传感器的仿形喷雾机和基于地图的仿形喷雾机出发,阐述了用超声波传感器探测树木冠层的基本信息,建立一系列的计算方程,总结出了各个仿形喷雾技术的功能和特点,分析了各个喷雾技术的优点和缺陷。最后提出了如下展望:开发出更加精准的施药系统;对传感去获取的数据进行更好地分析与集成;以及林木智能仿形变量喷雾机的多端联合控制系统的各个子控制系统的控制电路的实现与功能。
关键词:仿形喷雾;仿形机构;控制系统;喷雾机
A bidirectional profiling sprayer based on canopy mechanism
Abstract:For a long time, diseases and insect pests have affected all countries in the world. With the increase of planting area and yield of fruit trees year by year, the traditional equipment and technology for controlling diseases and insect pests of fruit trees consume a lot, but the control effect is poor and the pollution to the environment is serious, which can no longer meet the production demand, and has aroused great concern. In view of these problems, the improvement of the sprayer is particularly important, and the profiling spray came into being. The copying sprayer has high efficiency and less pollution, and can effectively control pests and diseases. This paper describes the research progress of profiling sprayer. Starting from sensor-based profiling sprayer and map-based profiling sprayer, this paper expounds the basic information of detecting tree canopy with ultrasonic sensor, establishes a series of calculation equations, summarizes the functions and characteristics of each profiling spraying technology, and analyzes the advanages and disadvantages of each spraying technology. Finally, the following prospects are put forward: To develop a more accurate pesticide application system; Better analyze and integrate the data obtained by sensing; And the realization and function of the control circuit of each sub-control system of the multiterminal joint control system of the forest intelligent profiling variable sprayer.
Keywords:profiling spray;profiling mechanism;control system;spray machine
1.绪论
1.1研究的目的及意义
众所周知,中国是一个以农业为基础的国家,随着农业规模的不断扩大,农业种植机械和施药机械正在朝自动化、机械化的方向不断发展。然而中国南北跨度5500公里,东西距离5200公里,跨越50个纬度及5个气候带,这种自然特征使中国很容易受外来物种的侵害。来自世界各地的大多数外来物种都可能在中国找到合适的栖息地,所以防治机械的发展也对我国林业发展有重要的意义。近年来,随着我国农林业的不断发展,各种经济作物的种植面积和产量都有明显增加,比如苹果、橘子、香蕉等等。而病虫害不仅大大影响了产量,也影响了作物的生长,所以要喷洒农药以防治病虫害,增加产量。以前中国的农民往往都采用最传统的病虫害防治方法——手动喷雾器和机动背负式喷雾机喷洒农药,这种喷洒农药的方式效率低、对环境造成的污染大,对人力的要求也很大,所以传统病虫害防治方式急需改进。为了在防治病虫害的同时,减少农药浪费和环境污染,尽可能提高喷雾机的效率,研究基于冠层形状和结构不同的果树仿形对靶可变量双向喷雾机构,能够有效地解决“效率低”“污染严重”的问题,有很大的经济和社会意义。
为了解决喷雾的均匀性和精良可控的问题,在本文中提出仿形的方案。所谓仿形,是根据冠层结构的实际形状尺寸调整喷雾头的位置和姿态,使其与树冠保持合适的距离与角度,控制喷雾参数,从而达到立体式精准对靶、低量施药的效果。为了更好地提高喷药机的效率,本文采用一种双向仿形喷药机,同时可以兼顾两侧作物的喷药,大大减少了喷药的时间,提高了喷药效率。