Wuhan University of Technology Graduation Design (Thesis)

The overall design of the unmanned pure electric logistics vehicle

School: School of International Education

Specialty amp; Class: Automotive Engineering gj1502

Name: Liu li

Tutor: Yu Houyu

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Abstract

In recent years, China's e-commerce logistics industry has developed rapidly, which has put forward higher requirements for distribution efficiency. In China's freight system, the proportion of express, rapid transportation and bulk freight markets is around 10%, 75% and 15%. In the freight market, the market share of express transport is the largest, but the decline in the market share of transport companies is the most serious. Although in recent years, with the development of artificial intelligence technology, the logistics industry has achieved a certain degree of progress in reducing costs and increasing efficiency. However, artificial intelligence is still in the technical reserve period, and it will take time to fully improve its performance. The use of universal delivery vehicles in production and life is still relatively traditional and inefficient. The entire industry is still waiting for new technological breakthroughs. From the current market demand, intelligent hardware such as unmanned vehicles and drones has become an effective tool for enterprises to promote their own development and improve logistics efficiency. Due to these reasons, the design of unmanned pure electric logistics vehicles needs to be carefully considered.

In this paper, electric unmanned logistics vehicle is studied. The overall selection and design optimization is carried out with Catia, Caxa, Python and other software and programming languages. Firstly, the overall design scheme of the unmanned electric vehicle is analyzed according to the design principles and related regulations and standards. The performance requirements of the automatic driving, is measured according to the environment sensing system, the decision planning system and the control execution system. Then the main technical parameters of the vehicle, including dimensions, quality and performance parameters are determined.

Finally, the structural types, characteristic parameters and arrangements of the main assemblies of the chassis are determined. Through the vehicle design calculation and analysis, it is ensured that the vehicle has reasonable power, driving range, braking performance, steering stability, driving comfort and passability.

Key Words：miniature pure electric logistics vehicle；driverless；overall design

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 The principle of electric vehicles 1

1.2 Types of electric vehicle 1

1.2.1 Electric vehicle with pure battery as power source 1

1.2.2 Electric vehicle with auxiliary power source 1

1.3 Electric vehicle structure 2

1.4 Electric vehicle drive system layout 2

1.4.1 Traditional drive mode 2

1.4.2 Motor-drive axle combined drive mode 3

1.4.3 Motor-drive axle integral drive mode 3

1.4.4 Hub motor drive mode 3

1.5 Electric car features 3

1.6 Key technologies for electric vehicles 4

1.7 Overview of driverless vehicle 6

1.8 Chinese and foreign research status 7

Chapter 2 The form of unmanned pure electric logistics vehicle and the choice of main parameters 9

2.1 Choice of car form 9

2.2 Selection of main parameters 9

2.2.1 Main dimensions 9

2.2.2 Quality parameter 10

2.2.3 Determination of performance parameters 10

Chapter 3 Matching of power system and transmission system parameters 12

3.1 Motor parameter design 12

3.2 Motor selection 13

3.3 Drive train ratio design 14

3.4 Battery pack capacity design 15

Chapter 4 Selection of chassis assembly 17

4.1 Tire selection 17

4.2 Selection of other components and assemblies 17

Chapter 5 Body styling design 19

Chapter6 Selection of driverless system 20

6.1 Environmental awareness system 20

6.2 Decision planning system 20

6.3 Control execution system 21

Chapter 7 Car performance analysis 22

7.1 Check the maximum speed 22

7.2 Check the maximum grade 22

7.3 Check the acceleration performance 23

7.4 Evaluation of brake performance 24

7.5 Evaluation of passability 26

7.6 Evaluation of handling stability 27

7.7 Ride comfort analysis 30

Chapter 8 Conclusion 33

References 36

Acknowledgement 37

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 The principle of electric vehicles

The pure electric vehicle is powered by vehicle power and driven by motor. It meets the requirements of road traffic and safety regulations, and generally uses high efficiency rechargeable battery as power source. Pure electric vehicles do not need to use internal combustion engines. Therefore, the electric motor of pure electric vehicles is equivalent to that of traditional automobiles. The battery is equivalent to the original fuel tank, and the electric energy is the secondary energy, which can come from many kinds of energy sources such as wind energy, water energy, heat energy, solar energy and so on^[1].

1.2 Types of electric vehicle

Electric vehicle can be divided into two types, namely electric vehicles using pure batteries as power sources and electric vehicles with auxiliary power sources.

1.2.1 Electric vehicle with pure battery as power source

An electric vehicle using a single battery as a power source has only a battery pack, and its power and power transmission system is shown in Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.1 Electric vehicle with pure battery as power source

1.2.2 Electric vehicle with auxiliary power source

For an electric vehicle using a single battery as a power source, parameters such as the specific energy and power of the battery are low, and require high quality and large volume of the battery pack. However, in electric vehicle with auxiliary power sources, supercapacitors, generator sets, and solar energy are added to improve the starting performance and increase the driving range of the electric vehicles. The power and power transmission system of an electric vehicle equipped with an auxiliary power source is shown in Figure 1.2.

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