摘 要

作为现代乃至未来的人们最主要的交通出行工具，汽车技术总是在飞速发展，越来越多的高新技术被整合到汽车上，这其中，以实现智能化为终极目标的无人驾驶技术和以实现环保无污染为目标的新能源技术最具潜力。而作为以地下工程监测与维护为任务的地下工程车，由于地下通道狭窄，空气流通有限，因而迫切汽车具有智能化和理想化的操控性能和无污染的能源结构。无人驾驶技术目前已实现能够安全可靠地运用到汽车上，为汽车行驶带来极大便利，而在整车布置方面，会因为不需要人的操控，而取消掉原本需要人力操控的一系列机构元件，由显示屏和智能无人驾驶整车控制器（人工智能系统）等系统所代替，该领域尚未有可以参考的业内相关标准，但本次设计依然会从总布置设计的基本设计原则出发，最终实现产品的可行化、最优化以及通用化。而纯电动车由于不再由发动机提供能源，整车实现电力传动，因而可通过线控方式使整车布置更加简洁、灵活。目前市场上的电动车多数都是套用或是改装燃油车的传统车型结构，本次设计由于道路狭窄的特殊性，导致汽车需要做得非常紧凑，传统燃油车的结构已不适用，因而将完全从纯电动车的角度出发进行设计。

本次设计将通过CATIA、ANSYS等软件的辅助设计，以人机工程学相关理论以及相关法律法规为依据，在给定的技术参数要求的基础上，完成对地下工程车的整车布置设计工作。

关键词：总布置设计；电动工程车；无人驾驶技术；轻量化

Ⅰ Introduction

1.2Research background

1.1.1 research meaning

The total layout design is the most important link in the automobile design, which decides the final design level of the vehicle directly. Its content is not only rich and complex, and in the entire design process, it and other parts of the design work are closely linked.So the need to keep abreast of the impact of each part on the vehicle. The total arrangement must stand on the point of view of whole, to keep the formulation of standards on many aspects of size, quality, performance index, which indicates the direction for other design work, and the coordination of various departments to promote the overall work in order to. total layout design must have a detailed understanding and clear analysis to the design of the total layout of cars, each car will need according to the actual needs in the design, adjustment and optimization, and compared with the traditional manned vehicle, unmanned and electric vehicles are in greater need of the layout design of automobile innovation,but can not follow the traditional layout and to meet the needs of the new technique and the new environment.

1.1.2 Status quo at home and abroad

At present, the use in the automotive design of CATIA, ANSYS and other computer software has become the norm.These software in the overall layout of the car design, modeling design, lightweight,has played a huge role. The general layout of the traditional fuel vehicles has already been mature.and on the unmanned vehicle and electric vehicle layout, although the theory of rapid development has been basically formed and the existing test and concept cars come out.But in the market, it is still in use or modification of the original fuel vehicle arrangement, the reason is still that there are many defects, such as high safety performance problems, and the industry standard is not clear. There may be a new model compared with traditional fuel vehicles, and can not reflect the advantage of the traditional models.After nearly 100 years of history, the various parts of the traditional fuel vehicles design embodies the wisdom and hard work of many car designers, technical advantages and can not easily be replaced and beyond. But by learning the unmanned technology and electric vehicle technology, will be able to understand the use of traditional models is a great waste of many advantages of the two kind of technology.Because the traditional models only apply to the engine and the drive shaft and other parts of the car and can not reflect the unmanned vehicles and electric vehicles to the automobile layout,and vehicle bring greatly enhance the performance of potential.

Ⅱ automobile basic parameter

The design of this model is a compact small engineering vehicles, but the power performance is not high enough,According to the need to pull a full load of the same type of vehicle, the specific basic parameters are as follows：

Table 2. requirements of the basic parameters of the car

2.1car form

2.1.1Axle number and drive type

Axle number is generally based on the size of the car and carrying capacity, there are two axis, three axis, four axis, or even more axle number, this car is because of the small size of the vehicle, and the total weight is not high, so the use of two axis type. Because of the double motor drive, the 4 x 2 and 4 x 4 driving modes can be realized according to the actual power demand of the two motors

2.1.2General arrangement form

Since it is a pure electric vehicle without an engine and can be used for bidirectional driving, the car is symmetrical front and rear according to the design requirements. A driving motor is respectively arranged at the front and the rear ends, and the power supply of the central driving battery is uniformly provided. This arrangement is consistent with the need to drive the car before and after the probability, and can realize the no-load axle load distribution to achieve the ideal situation each accounted for 50%.In this case will not cause too much which head of tire wear, the steering shaft to ensure stability and turning performance best at a sufficiently large shaft load, not because of a head axle load that is too large and the backward or forward tilting occurs when the slope. That is to say, the front and rear axles each account for 50% is the best condition for the axial load distribution, and the front or rear symmetry arrangement is the closest to realize the optimum situation.

Fig. 2.1.2 layout form

2.2 Main dimensions