摘 要

大力发展农村电商是解决我国农民增收、农业发展、农村稳定，进而实现乡村振兴的重要途径，而农村电商物流作为流通城市与农村的必要经济纽带，对实现“农产品上行”和“工业品下行”的电商销售起着关键支持作用。正确分析我国农村电商物流的现状，发现不足之处并提出针对性的指导意见是推进物流发展的首要举措。但国内现有文献对我国农村电商物流的现状分析主要集中在电商发展激发物流需求、政府政策支持等理论层面，针对尚存的不足之处也缺乏可实际操作、更适应时代变化的解决措施。因此，本文借鉴国内外各类资料，主要完成了以下工作：

首先，本文介绍了自建物流、第三方物流、共同物流这三种农村末端物流配送模式，以及大部分农村地区存在的县乡二级配送体系，奠定全文的概念和理论基础。此外，本文创造性地将“第三方物流”划分为“承包型第三方物流”和“合资型第三方物流”加以阐述。

其次，改变以往论文从政策支持、电商需求等理论角度分析研究我国农村电商物流发展现状的角度，本文转而从发展规模、区域比较和产品范围方面入手，通过具体客观的数据更正面、更直观地阐述我国农村电商物流目前达到的水平。

然后，通过对现状的分析，得出我国物流基础建设不完善、最初最后一公里困境以及人才和劳动力缺乏的短板。

最后，提出相应的改进措施：第一，通过加强交通道路、网络通信和冷链物流的投入完善物流基础建设；第二，根据“无接触模式”席卷全球的现状创造性地提出打造“机器人共配”物流体系解决“工业品进村”最后一公里和“农产品出村”最初一公里难题，同时建议应充分利用网络，打造一款“娱乐 公益”的“农货跑跑”小程序，发挥社会力量分担农村物流体系的建造成本；第三，本文提出对内培训和对外培训并重的方式来壮大农村电商物流专业人员队伍，提升已有从业人员素养。

关键词： 农村电商物流；机器人共配；最初最后一公里；人才和劳动力

Abstract

Vigorously developing rural e-commerce is an important way to increase farmers' income, promote agricultural development, stabilize rural areas, and realize rural revitalization. Rural e-commerce logistics, as a necessary economic link between cities and rural areas, plays a key role in supporting e-commerce sales of “upward movement of agricultural products” and “downward movement of industrial products”. It is the first step to promote the development of logistics to correctly analyze the current situation of rural e-commerce logistics in China, find the shortcomings and put forward the targeted guidance. However, domestic scholars' analysis of the current situation of China's rural e-commerce logistics mainly focuses on the theoretical aspects such as the stimulation of logistics demand by the development of e-commerce and government policy support, and the lack of practical and more suitable solutions to the existing deficiencies. Therefore, based on various domestic and foreign materials, this paper mainly completed the following work:

First of all, this paper introduces three rural terminal logistics distribution modes, including self-built logistics, third-party logistics and common logistics, as well as the two-level county and township distribution system existing in most rural areas, laying a conceptual and theoretical foundation for the whole paper.In addition, this paper creatively divides "third party logistics" into "contracted third party logistics" and "joint venture third party logistics".

Second, unlike previous papers from the perspective of such as policy support, electricity demand and other pure theories to analyze the current situation of e-commerce logistics in rural China, this article focused on the aspects of scale, regional comparison and product range,through these concrete and objective data, it is more positive and intuitive to illustrate the current level of rural e-commerce logistics in China.

Then, through the analysis of the current situation, it can be concluded that the China's rural e-commerce logistics mainly faces the problems of imperfect infrastructure , the first and the last mile dilemma and the lack of talents and labor force.

Finally, the corresponding improvement measures are proposed: first, improve the logistics infrastructure by strengthening the investment in traffic roads, network communication and cold chain logistics; Second, based on non-contact mode worldwide ,this paper creatively puts forward building the "robots joint delivery" logistics system to handle the problems of the last kilometer in "industrial products into the village" and the first kilometer in"agricultural products out of the village" .At the same time,the paper also suggested that we should make full use of the network , creating an "entertainment public welfare"small program named "running agricultural goods" , leveraging social forces to share the construction of the rural logistics system cost; Thirdly, this paper proposes to strengthen the professional team of rural e-commerce logistics personnel by giving equal attention to internal training and external training, so as to improve the quality of existing employees.

Key Words：Rural e-commerce logistics;Robots joint delivery;The first and the last mile ;talents and labor force

目录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景与研究意义 1

1.1.1研究背景 1

1.1.2研究意义 1

1.2国内外研究综述 1

1.2.1国内研究现状 1

1.2.2国外研究现状 2

1.3研究内容与预期目标 2

1.3.1研究内容 2

1.3.2预期目标 3

第2章 相关理论分析 4

2.1相关概念 4

2.1.1农村电商物流 4

2.1.2对比农村物流 4

2.2农村电商物流配送模式 4

2.2.1自建物流模式 4

2.2.2第三方物流模式 5

2.2.3共同物流模式 6

2.3县乡两级体系的物流配送与收揽 7

第3章 我国农村电商物流发展现状 8

3.1发展规模 8

3.1.1收投快件量 8

3.1.2冷链物流业 9

3.1.3基建覆盖率 9

3.2区域比较 10

3.2.1全国农村网络零售情况 10

3.2.1各区域农村网络零售 11

3.2.2各区域农产品网络零售 12

3.3产品范围 13

3.3.1农村网络零售品类 13

3.3.2农产品网络零售品类 13

第4章 我国农村电商物流存在问题 15

4.1物流基础建设不完善 15

4.2最初最后一公里困境 15

4.3人才和劳动力缺乏 16

第5章 我国农村电商物流发展对策研究 17

5.1完善基建设施，提高物流水平 17

5.2机器人共配，助力最初最后一公里 17

5.3“跑跑农货”集众分摊物流成本 18

5.4对内对外培训，壮大人才队伍 19

第6章 总结与展望 20

参考文献 21

致 谢 23

第1章 绪论

1.1研究背景与研究意义

1.1.1研究背景